Matthew 22:20

"Whose image is this," He asked, "and whose inscription?"

Study Bible

Whose image
The Greek word for "image" is "εἰκών" (eikōn), which refers to a likeness or representation. In the context of this verse, Jesus is referring to the image on the Roman coin, which would have been the likeness of the emperor. This question challenges the Pharisees and Herodians to consider the authority and ownership represented by the image. In a broader theological sense, it invites reflection on the concept of being made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27), prompting believers to consider whose image they bear in their lives and actions.

is this
The phrase "is this" emphasizes the present reality and tangible nature of the coin. It draws attention to the physical evidence of the coin's authority and ownership. In a spiritual context, it encourages believers to examine the evidence of God's image in their own lives, asking themselves what is evident in their actions and character.

and whose inscription
The Greek word for "inscription" is "ἐπιγραφή" (epigraphē), meaning a written engraving or inscription. The inscription on the coin would have declared the emperor's name and titles, signifying his authority and dominion. Historically, Roman coins often bore inscriptions that proclaimed the divinity or supreme authority of the emperor. This question from Jesus not only addresses the political and social implications of allegiance to earthly rulers but also challenges believers to consider the inscriptions on their hearts. What is written on our lives that declares our allegiance to God? The inscription serves as a metaphor for the values and truths that govern our lives, urging us to ensure that God's Word is inscribed on our hearts (Deuteronomy 6:6).

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The central figure in this passage, Jesus is teaching in the temple courts and is being questioned by the Pharisees and Herodians.

2. Pharisees and Herodians
Two groups that typically opposed each other but united in their attempt to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar.

3. Caesar
The Roman emperor at the time, whose image and inscription were on the coin used for the tax.

4. Temple Courts
The setting of this event, where Jesus often taught and engaged with various groups.

5. Denarius
The Roman coin in question, which bore the image and inscription of Caesar, representing the authority and rule of the Roman Empire.

Teaching Points

Understanding Authority
Jesus' question about the image on the coin teaches us to recognize and respect earthly authorities while understanding that our ultimate allegiance is to God.

Dual Citizenship
As Christians, we are called to navigate our dual citizenship in the kingdom of God and the world, balancing our responsibilities to both.

Image and Identity
Just as the coin bears Caesar's image, we bear God's image. This should influence how we live, reflecting God's character in our actions.

Wisdom in Engagement
Jesus demonstrates wisdom in His response, avoiding the trap set by His opponents. We too should seek divine wisdom in our interactions and decisions.

Stewardship of Resources
The passage challenges us to consider how we use our resources, ensuring that we honor God with what we have been given.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does recognizing the image of God in ourselves and others influence our daily interactions and decisions?

2. In what ways can we balance our responsibilities to earthly authorities with our ultimate allegiance to God?

3. How can we apply Jesus' wisdom in handling challenging questions or situations in our own lives?

4. What are some practical ways we can reflect God's image in our communities and workplaces?

5. How does understanding our dual citizenship as Christians affect our perspective on current events and societal issues?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 1:26-27
This passage speaks of humanity being made in the image of God, which contrasts with the image of Caesar on the coin. It highlights the distinction between earthly and divine authority.

Romans 13:1-7
This passage discusses the Christian's relationship to governing authorities, emphasizing respect and submission to earthly rulers as ordained by God.

1 Peter 2:13-17
Similar to Romans, this passage encourages believers to submit to every human authority for the Lord's sake, reinforcing the principle of dual citizenship in God's kingdom and the world.