Matthew 18:21

Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, "Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? Up to seven times?"

Study Bible

Then Peter came to Jesus
This phrase sets the scene for a personal and direct interaction between Peter and Jesus. The Greek word for "came" (προσέρχομαι, proserchomai) implies an approach with intention or purpose. Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, approaches Jesus with a question that reflects a common concern among believers. This moment highlights the relational aspect of discipleship, where followers of Christ are encouraged to seek wisdom directly from their Lord.

and asked
The act of asking (ἐρωτάω, erōtaō) in this context is not merely a request for information but a deeper inquiry into the nature of forgiveness. It reflects a heart seeking understanding and guidance. In the Jewish tradition, asking questions was a way to engage with the teachings of a rabbi, showing respect and a desire to learn. Peter's question is rooted in a genuine quest for spiritual growth.

Lord
The term "Lord" (Κύριος, Kyrios) signifies authority and reverence. Peter acknowledges Jesus not just as a teacher but as the sovereign authority in his life. This title reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus' divine nature and His role as the ultimate guide in matters of faith and practice.

how many times shall I forgive
The concept of forgiveness (ἀφίημι, aphiēmi) is central to Christian teaching. In the Jewish tradition, forgiving someone three times was considered sufficient. Peter's question suggests he is aware of this tradition but is open to a more profound understanding. Forgiveness in the biblical sense involves releasing someone from the debt of their wrongdoing, mirroring God's forgiveness of humanity.

my brother
The term "brother" (ἀδελφός, adelphos) extends beyond biological relationships to include fellow believers and members of the community. This reflects the early Christian emphasis on the spiritual family, where relationships are bound by faith and love. The use of "brother" underscores the importance of maintaining unity and peace within the Christian community.

who sins against me?
Sin (ἁμαρτάνω, hamartanō) in this context refers to any act that causes harm or offense. The phrase acknowledges the reality of interpersonal conflict and the need for reconciliation. It highlights the human condition of imperfection and the necessity of grace in relationships.

Up to seven times?
The number seven (ἑπτά, hepta) is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completeness or perfection. Peter's suggestion of forgiving "up to seven times" indicates a willingness to go beyond the traditional expectation. However, it also reveals a human tendency to seek limits on grace. Jesus' response, which follows in the next verse, challenges this notion by emphasizing boundless forgiveness, reflecting God's infinite mercy.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Peter
One of Jesus' twelve apostles, known for his impulsive nature and strong leadership among the disciples. Here, he approaches Jesus with a question about forgiveness.

2. Jesus
The central figure of the New Testament, the Son of God, and the teacher to whom Peter directs his question. Jesus uses this opportunity to teach about the nature of forgiveness.

3. Forgiveness
The act of pardoning someone for an offense or sin. In this context, it is a key theme that Jesus addresses, emphasizing its importance in the life of a believer.

4. The Question of Seven Times
Peter suggests forgiving up to seven times, which he likely considered generous, as the traditional Jewish teaching often emphasized forgiving three times.

Teaching Points

The Nature of Forgiveness
Forgiveness is not about keeping count but about embodying the grace and mercy that God extends to us. It is a continual process that reflects God's infinite forgiveness.

Beyond Human Standards
Peter's suggestion of seven times reflects human limitations, but Jesus calls us to a divine standard of forgiveness that surpasses human expectations.

Forgiveness as a Reflection of God's Character
As Christians, we are called to reflect God's character in our actions. Forgiving others is a powerful testimony of God's love and grace.

The Freedom in Forgiveness
Holding onto grudges can be spiritually and emotionally burdensome. Forgiveness frees us from the chains of bitterness and allows us to live in peace.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation
While forgiveness is essential, it is also important to seek reconciliation where possible, restoring relationships in a way that honors God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Peter's question about forgiveness reflect common human attitudes towards forgiving others?

2. In what ways does Jesus' response to Peter challenge our understanding of forgiveness?

3. How can the teachings in Matthew 18:21 be applied in situations where forgiveness seems difficult or impossible?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to cultivate a forgiving heart, as encouraged in Ephesians 4:32 and Colossians 3:13?

5. How does understanding God's forgiveness towards us, as seen in Matthew 6:14-15, influence our willingness to forgive others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 6:14-15
Jesus teaches about the necessity of forgiving others to receive forgiveness from God, highlighting the reciprocal nature of forgiveness.

Luke 17:3-4
Jesus instructs His followers to forgive repeatedly, even if the offender sins multiple times in a day, emphasizing the boundless nature of forgiveness.

Ephesians 4:32
Paul encourages believers to be kind and compassionate, forgiving each other just as God forgave them in Christ, reinforcing the call to emulate divine forgiveness.

Colossians 3:13
Paul again urges believers to bear with each other and forgive grievances, reflecting the forgiveness they have received from the Lord.