Judges 8:33
And as soon as Gideon was dead, the Israelites turned and prostituted themselves with the Baals, and they set up Baal-berith as their god.
As soon as Gideon died
The phrase marks a pivotal transition in the narrative of Israel's history. Gideon, also known as Jerubbaal, was a judge who led Israel to victory over the Midianites. His death signifies the end of an era of relative peace and stability. The Hebrew root for "died" (מוּת, muth) often implies not just physical death but the cessation of influence and leadership. Historically, the death of a leader often led to uncertainty and vulnerability, as seen in the cyclical pattern of Israel's faithfulness and apostasy in the Book of Judges.

the Israelites turned again
This phrase indicates a return to previous behaviors, specifically idolatry. The Hebrew word for "turned" (שׁוּב, shuv) can mean to return or to repent, but here it is used in a negative sense, highlighting the Israelites' cyclical pattern of falling away from God. This turning away is a recurring theme in Judges, illustrating the spiritual fickleness of the Israelites and their tendency to forsake the covenant with Yahweh.

and prostituted themselves
The use of the term "prostituted" (זָנָה, zanah) is metaphorical, describing Israel's unfaithfulness to God through idolatry. In the ancient Near Eastern context, idolatry was often associated with literal acts of prostitution in pagan worship. This strong language underscores the severity of Israel's betrayal of their covenant relationship with God, likening it to marital infidelity.

with the Baals
"Baal" was a title used for various local deities in the Canaanite pantheon, often associated with fertility and storms. The plural form "Baals" suggests that the Israelites were not just worshiping one false god but had adopted the worship of multiple deities, further illustrating their departure from monotheism. Archaeological findings, such as altars and inscriptions, confirm the widespread worship of Baal in the region during this period.

They set up Baal-berith
Baal-berith, meaning "Lord of the Covenant," was a specific manifestation of Baal worshiped in Shechem. The irony of the name is stark, as the Israelites were supposed to be in covenant with Yahweh, not a pagan deity. This act of setting up Baal-berith signifies a formal and deliberate rejection of their divine covenant with God, choosing instead to align themselves with a false god.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Gideon
A judge of Israel who led the Israelites to victory over the Midianites. His leadership brought peace to the land during his lifetime.

2. Israelites
The people of God who repeatedly fell into cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance throughout the Book of Judges.

3. Baal-berith
A Canaanite deity worshiped by the Israelites after Gideon's death. The name means "Lord of the Covenant," indicating a false covenant with a pagan god.

4. Shechem
A city in the hill country of Ephraim, significant in Israel's history and a center of Baal worship during this period.

5. Apostasy
The event of turning away from the worship of Yahweh to serve other gods, which is a recurring theme in the Book of Judges.
Teaching Points
The Danger of Forgetfulness
The Israelites quickly forgot the deliverance and leadership of Gideon, leading them back into idolatry. We must remember God's past faithfulness to avoid spiritual decline.

The Cycle of Sin
The pattern of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance is evident in Judges. Recognizing this cycle in our lives can help us seek God's intervention before we fall deeper into sin.

The Importance of Godly Leadership
Gideon's death left a leadership vacuum that led to Israel's apostasy. Godly leaders are crucial in guiding communities to remain faithful to God.

The Consequences of Idolatry
Turning to false gods leads to spiritual and often physical consequences. We must guard our hearts against modern forms of idolatry.

Covenant Faithfulness
The Israelites' worship of Baal-berith was a breach of their covenant with God. We are called to remain faithful to our covenant relationship with Christ.
Bible Study Questions
1. What can we learn from the Israelites' quick return to idolatry after Gideon's death, and how can we apply this lesson to our spiritual walk today?

2. How does the cycle of sin and deliverance in Judges reflect our own struggles with sin, and what steps can we take to break this cycle?

3. In what ways can we ensure that we remember and honor God's past faithfulness in our lives to prevent spiritual forgetfulness?

4. How can we identify and address modern forms of idolatry in our lives, ensuring that we remain faithful to God alone?

5. What role does godly leadership play in maintaining the spiritual health of a community, and how can we support and encourage such leadership in our churches?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:3-5
The Israelites' worship of Baal-berith directly violates the first two commandments, which prohibit having other gods and making idols.

Judges 2:11-19
This passage outlines the cycle of sin and deliverance in Israel, providing context for the Israelites' repeated apostasy.

1 Kings 18:21
Elijah's challenge to the Israelites to choose between Yahweh and Baal highlights the ongoing struggle between true worship and idolatry.

Hosea 2:13
Hosea's prophecy against Israel for their unfaithfulness to God by worshiping Baals parallels the situation in Judges 8:33.
Gideon At His BestWm. Burrows, B. A.Judges 8:22-35
Gideon, the DelivererT. Guthrie, D. D.Judges 8:22-35
Gideon's After-LifeW. Miller, M. A.Judges 8:22-35
Gideon's Unambitious SpiritA. R. Fausset, M. A.Judges 8:22-35
Kingship Offered and RefusedR. A. Watson, M. A.Judges 8:22-35
Gideon At His WorstWm. Burrows, B. A.Judges 8:29-35
The Origin, Nature, and Baseness of IngratitudeR. South, D.D.Judges 8:29-35
The Consequence of the Imperfect Recognition of JehovahA.F. Muir Judges 8:33-35
People
Abiezer, Abiezrites, Abimelech, Gideon, Ishmaelites, Israelites, Jerubbaal, Jether, Joash, Midianites, Nobah, Ophrah, Oreb, Penuel, Zalmunna, Zebah, Zeeb
Places
0, Abiezer, Heres, Jogbehah, Jordan River, Karkor, Midian, Nobah, Ophrah, Penuel, Shechem, Succoth, Tabor
Topics
FALSE, A-whoring, Baal, Baalberith, Baal-berith, Ba'al-be'rith, Baalim, Baals, Ba'als, Berith, Canaan, Dead, Death, Died, Gideon, Gods, Harlot, Israelites, Pass, Played, Prostitute, Prostituted, Sons, Themselves, Turn, Whoring
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Judges 8:33

     6239   prostitution
     7312   Baal
     8771   idolatry, objections

Judges 8:33-34

     5960   success
     6243   adultery, spiritual
     8705   apostasy, in OT
     8728   enemies, of Israel and Judah
     8741   failure
     8763   forgetting
     8764   forgetting God

Library
September 21. "Faint, yet Pursuing" (Judges viii. 4).
"Faint, yet pursuing" (Judges viii. 4). It is a great thing thus to learn to depend upon God to work through our feeble resources, and yet, while so depending, to be absolutely faithful and diligent, and not allow our trust to deteriorate into supineness and indolence. We find no sloth or negligence in Gideon, or his three hundred; though they were weak and few, they were wholly true, and everything in them ready for God to use to the very last. "Faint yet pursuing" was their watchword as they followed
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Christian Faith
Scripture references: Hebrews 11; Matthew 9:29; 17:20; Mark 10:52; 11:22; Acts 2:38; 3:16; 10:43; 16:30,31; Romans 1:17; 5:1; 10:17; Galatians 2:20. FAITH AND PRACTICE Belief Controls Action.--"As the man is, so is his strength" (Judges 8:21), "For as he thinketh in his heart so is he" (Proverbs 23:7). "According to your faith be it unto you" (Matthew 9:28,29). "Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life" (Proverbs 4:23). The Scriptures place stress upon the fact that
Henry T. Sell—Studies in the Life of the Christian

Subjects of Study. Home Education in Israel; Female Education. Elementary Schools, Schoolmasters, and School Arrangements.
If a faithful picture of society in ancient Greece or Rome were to be presented to view, it is not easy to believe that even they who now most oppose the Bible could wish their aims success. For this, at any rate, may be asserted, without fear of gainsaying, that no other religion than that of the Bible has proved competent to control an advanced, or even an advancing, state of civilisation. Every other bound has been successively passed and submerged by the rising tide; how deep only the student
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Of the Power of Making Laws. The Cruelty of the Pope and his Adherents, in this Respect, in Tyrannically Oppressing and Destroying Souls.
1. The power of the Church in enacting laws. This made a source of human traditions. Impiety of these traditions. 2. Many of the Papistical traditions not only difficult, but impossible to be observed. 3. That the question may be more conveniently explained, nature of conscience must be defined. 4. Definition of conscience explained. Examples in illustration of the definition. 5. Paul's doctrine of submission to magistrates for conscience sake, gives no countenance to the Popish doctrine of the obligation
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Judges
For the understanding of the early history and religion of Israel, the book of Judges, which covers the period from the death of Joshua to the beginning of the struggle with the Philistines, is of inestimable importance; and it is very fortunate that the elements contributed by the later editors are so easily separated from the ancient stories whose moral they seek to point. That moral is most elaborately stated in ii. 6-iii. 6, which is a sort of programme or preface to iii. 7-xvi. 31, which constitutes
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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