Judges 11:19

And Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon, and said to him, 'Please let us pass through your land into our own place.'

Study Bible

And Israel sent messengers
The phrase "And Israel sent messengers" indicates a diplomatic approach by the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "sent" is שָׁלַח (shalach), which often implies a mission or a purposeful dispatch. This reflects Israel's desire to peacefully negotiate passage through foreign territory, emphasizing their intent to avoid conflict. Historically, sending messengers was a common practice in the ancient Near East for communication between nations, highlighting Israel's adherence to established diplomatic protocols.

to Sihon king of the Amorites
"Sihon king of the Amorites" identifies the ruler and his people, the Amorites, who were a significant Canaanite group. The Amorites are frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as inhabitants of the land before Israel's conquest. The name "Sihon" may derive from a root meaning "sweeping away," possibly reflecting his reputation or military prowess. This encounter is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the subsequent conflict between Israel and the Amorites, illustrating the challenges Israel faced in claiming the Promised Land.

the king of Heshbon
"Heshbon" was a major city and the capital of Sihon's kingdom. Archaeological evidence suggests it was a fortified city, strategically located on the King's Highway, a vital trade route. This highlights the significance of Israel's request, as controlling Heshbon would have been crucial for regional dominance. The mention of Heshbon underscores the geopolitical realities of the time, where control of key cities was essential for power and influence.

and said, 'Let us pass through your land
The request "Let us pass through your land" is a plea for safe passage. The Hebrew verb עָבַר (avar) means "to pass over" or "to cross," indicating a temporary transit rather than a permanent settlement. This request reflects Israel's intention to respect the sovereignty of the Amorites while pursuing their divinely ordained journey to the Promised Land. It underscores the principle of seeking peace before engaging in conflict, aligning with the broader biblical theme of pursuing peace with all men (Hebrews 12:14).

to our place.'
The phrase "to our place" refers to the land promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This promise is central to Israel's identity and mission. The Hebrew word מָקוֹם (maqom) can mean "place" or "home," signifying not just a physical location but a divinely appointed inheritance. This highlights the faith and determination of the Israelites to reach the land God had promised them, despite the obstacles they faced. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the importance of trusting in His promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israel
The collective name for the descendants of Jacob, also known as the Israelites. At this point in their history, they are seeking to enter the Promised Land.

2. Messengers
Representatives sent by Israel to communicate with Sihon. Their role was to negotiate peaceful passage through the land.

3. Sihon
The king of the Amorites, ruling over Heshbon. He is a significant figure as his refusal to allow Israel passage leads to conflict.

4. Amorites
A group of ancient people living in the land of Canaan. They are often depicted as adversaries of Israel in the Old Testament.

5. Heshbon
A city ruled by Sihon, located east of the Jordan River. It becomes a focal point in the account as Israel seeks passage through this territory.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Seeking Peace
Israel's initial approach to Sihon was peaceful, demonstrating the value of seeking peace before conflict. As believers, we are called to pursue peace in our interactions with others.

God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
Despite Israel's peaceful intentions, Sihon's heart was hardened, leading to conflict. This reminds us that God is sovereign over human decisions and outcomes.

The Role of Communication
The sending of messengers highlights the importance of clear and respectful communication in resolving potential conflicts.

Trusting God's Plan
Even when peaceful efforts fail, as they did with Sihon, believers can trust that God has a purpose and plan that will ultimately prevail.

Learning from History
The account of Israel and Sihon serves as a historical lesson on the consequences of rejecting peaceful overtures and the importance of aligning with God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from Israel's approach to Sihon about handling potential conflicts in our own lives?

2. How does the account of Sihon's refusal to allow passage relate to the concept of free will and God's sovereignty?

3. In what ways can we apply the principle of seeking peace, as demonstrated by Israel, in our daily interactions with others?

4. How does the account of Israel and Sihon encourage us to trust in God's plan, even when our efforts for peace are rejected?

5. What other biblical examples can you think of where God used a seemingly negative situation to fulfill His purposes, and how does this encourage you in your faith journey?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 21:21-23
This passage provides a parallel account of Israel's request to Sihon, offering additional context to the events in Judges 11:19.

Deuteronomy 2:26-30
This scripture recounts Moses' message to Sihon, emphasizing the peaceful intentions of Israel and the subsequent hardening of Sihon's heart by God.

Romans 12:18
This New Testament verse encourages believers to live peaceably with all, reflecting Israel's initial peaceful approach to Sihon.