Jeremiah 51:11
Sharpen the arrows! Fill the quivers! The LORD has aroused the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because His plan is aimed at Babylon to destroy her, for it is the vengeance of the LORD--vengeance for His temple.
Sharpen the arrows!
The phrase "Sharpen the arrows!" is a call to prepare for battle, emphasizing readiness and precision. In the Hebrew context, the word for "sharpen" (חַדּוּ) implies making something sharp or ready for use. Arrows were a primary weapon in ancient warfare, symbolizing the need for God's people to be prepared for spiritual battles. This preparation is not just physical but also spiritual, calling believers to be vigilant and ready to defend their faith.

Fill the quivers!
"Fill the quivers!" continues the theme of preparation, suggesting an abundance of resources and readiness for prolonged engagement. The quiver, a container for arrows, represents the need to be fully equipped. Spiritually, this can be seen as a call to be filled with the Word of God and the Holy Spirit, ensuring that believers have all they need to face challenges.

The LORD has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes
This phrase highlights God's sovereignty in the affairs of nations. "The LORD has stirred up" indicates divine intervention, where God actively influences the hearts and minds of leaders. The "kings of the Medes" were historical figures used by God to accomplish His purposes, specifically the judgment of Babylon. This demonstrates that God can use any nation or leader to fulfill His divine plan, reminding believers of His ultimate control over history.

because His purpose against Babylon is to destroy her
Here, "His purpose against Babylon" reveals God's judgment against a nation that symbolizes pride and opposition to God. Babylon, throughout Scripture, represents human arrogance and rebellion. The phrase "to destroy her" underscores the certainty of God's judgment. It serves as a warning to all nations and individuals that oppose God's will, emphasizing the need for repentance and alignment with God's purposes.

For it is the vengeance of the LORD
"For it is the vengeance of the LORD" speaks to God's justice. The term "vengeance" (נָקָם) in Hebrew conveys retribution and the righting of wrongs. This is not human revenge but divine justice, ensuring that evil is addressed. It reassures believers that God sees injustice and will act in His perfect timing to bring about righteousness.

vengeance for His temple
The phrase "vengeance for His temple" refers to the desecration and destruction of the temple in Jerusalem by Babylon. The temple was the dwelling place of God's presence among His people, and its violation was a direct affront to God. This vengeance is a promise that God will restore what has been lost and uphold His holiness. It encourages believers to trust in God's faithfulness to protect and restore His people and His sacred places.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The LORD
The sovereign God of Israel, who orchestrates events according to His divine purpose and justice.

2. The Kings of the Medes
Rulers of the Median Empire, whom God uses as instruments to execute His judgment against Babylon.

3. Babylon
A powerful empire known for its conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the temple, representing human pride and opposition to God.

4. The Temple
The holy place in Jerusalem, symbolizing God's presence and the center of Jewish worship, which was desecrated by Babylon.

5. Vengeance for His Temple
God's retributive justice for the desecration and destruction of His holy temple by the Babylonians.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Judgment
God is in control of history and uses nations to accomplish His purposes, even in judgment.

Divine Retribution
God's justice is perfect, and He will avenge wrongs done against His people and His holy name.

The Role of Nations
Nations and their leaders are instruments in God's hands, whether they acknowledge Him or not.

The Importance of the Temple
The temple was central to Israel's identity and worship, and its desecration was a grave offense to God.

Hope in God's Justice
Believers can find hope in knowing that God will ultimately right all wrongs and bring justice.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding God's sovereignty over nations affect your view of current world events?

2. In what ways can we see God's justice at work in the world today, and how should this influence our prayers?

3. How does the fall of Babylon serve as a warning to modern societies that oppose God's ways?

4. What can we learn from the Medes' role in God's plan about being used by God, even unknowingly?

5. How can the concept of "vengeance for His temple" inspire us to honor and protect what is sacred in our lives today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Isaiah 13
This chapter prophesies the fall of Babylon, emphasizing God's sovereignty in using nations to fulfill His purposes.

Daniel 5
Describes the fall of Babylon to the Medes and Persians, illustrating the fulfillment of God's judgment.

Revelation 18
Portrays the ultimate fall of "Babylon the Great," symbolizing the final judgment on worldly systems opposed to God.

2 Kings 25
Details the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple by Babylon, setting the stage for God's promised vengeance.
The Duty of Separating from the WorldA.F. Muir Jeremiah 51:6, 50
People
Ashchenaz, Ashkenaz, Babylonians, Jacob, Jeremiah, Maaseiah, Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadrezzar, Neriah, Seraiah, Zedekiah
Places
Ararat, Babylon, Chaldea, Euphrates River, Jerusalem, Leb-kamai, Zion
Topics
Aroused, Arrows, Babylon, Body-covers, Bright, Cleanse, Design, Destroy, Destruction, Device, Fill, Firm, Gather, Hold, Kings, Madia, Medes, Moving, Payment, Punishment, Purpose, Quivers, Raised, Roused, Sharp, Sharpen, Shields, Spirit, Stirred, Temple, Vengeance
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Jeremiah 51:11

     5206   archers
     5527   shield

Jeremiah 51:11-12

     8329   readiness

Library
The Power of Assyria at Its Zenith; Esarhaddon and Assur-Bani-Pal
The Medes and Cimmerians: Lydia--The conquest of Egypt, of Arabia, and of Elam. As we have already seen, Sennacherib reigned for eight years after his triumph; eight years of tranquillity at home, and of peace with all his neighbours abroad. If we examine the contemporary monuments or the documents of a later period, and attempt to glean from them some details concerning the close of his career, we find that there is a complete absence of any record of national movement on the part of either Elam,
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8

'As Sodom'
'Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 2. And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that Jehoiakim had done. 3. For through the anger of the Lord it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. 4. And it came to pass, in the ninth year of his reign,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

How those who Fear Scourges and those who Contemn them are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 14.) Differently to be admonished are those who fear scourges, and on that account live innocently, and those who have grown so hard in wickedness as not to be corrected even by scourges. For those who fear scourges are to be told by no means to desire temporal goods as being of great account, seeing that bad men also have them, and by no means to shun present evils as intolerable, seeing they are not ignorant how for the most part good men also are touched by them. They are to be admonished
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Christian Meekness
Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth Matthew 5:5 We are now got to the third step leading in the way to blessedness, Christian meekness. Blessed are the meek'. See how the Spirit of God adorns the hidden man of the heart, with multiplicity of graces! The workmanship of the Holy Ghost is not only curious, but various. It makes the heart meek, pure, peaceable etc. The graces therefore are compared to needlework, which is different and various in its flowers and colours (Psalm 45:14).
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Covenanting Adapted to the Moral Constitution of Man.
The law of God originates in his nature, but the attributes of his creatures are due to his sovereignty. The former is, accordingly, to be viewed as necessarily obligatory on the moral subjects of his government, and the latter--which are all consistent with the holiness of the Divine nature, are to be considered as called into exercise according to his appointment. Hence, also, the law of God is independent of his creatures, though made known on their account; but the operation of their attributes
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

A Discourse of the House and Forest of Lebanon
OF THE HOUSE OF THE FOREST OF LEBANON. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. That part of Palestine in which the celebrated mountains of Lebanon are situated, is the border country adjoining Syria, having Sidon for its seaport, and Land, nearly adjoining the city of Damascus, on the north. This metropolitan city of Syria, and capital of the kingdom of Damascus, was strongly fortified; and during the border conflicts it served as a cover to the Assyrian army. Bunyan, with great reason, supposes that, to keep
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Jeremiah
The interest of the book of Jeremiah is unique. On the one hand, it is our most reliable and elaborate source for the long period of history which it covers; on the other, it presents us with prophecy in its most intensely human phase, manifesting itself through a strangely attractive personality that was subject to like doubts and passions with ourselves. At his call, in 626 B.C., he was young and inexperienced, i. 6, so that he cannot have been born earlier than 650. The political and religious
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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