Genesis 20:5

Didn't Abraham tell me, 'She is my sister'? And she herself said, 'He is my brother.' I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands."

Study Bible

Did he not say to me
This phrase introduces the defense of Abimelech, the king of Gerar, who is speaking to God in a dream. The Hebrew root for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is a common verb used throughout the Old Testament to denote speech or communication. In this context, it highlights the importance of verbal testimony and the reliance on spoken word in ancient Near Eastern cultures. Abimelech's appeal to what was said underscores the weight of spoken agreements and the expectation of truthfulness in interpersonal relations.

‘She is my sister,’
This statement refers to Abraham's claim about Sarah, which is a half-truth since Sarah is indeed his half-sister (Genesis 20:12). The Hebrew word for "sister" is "אָחוֹת" (achot), which can denote a close familial relationship. In the patriarchal society of the time, such familial terms were significant in establishing social and legal standings. Abraham's use of this term reflects his attempt to protect himself, albeit through deception, which raises questions about faith and trust in God's protection.

and she herself also said, ‘He is my brother’?
Sarah's corroboration of Abraham's statement is crucial in Abimelech's defense. The repetition of the claim by both parties emphasizes the perceived legitimacy of their words. The Hebrew word for "brother" is "אָח" (ach), which, like "sister," signifies a close kinship bond. This mutual assertion by Abraham and Sarah illustrates the complexities of human relationships and the moral dilemmas faced when truth is compromised for self-preservation.

I have done this with a clear conscience
Abimelech's claim of a "clear conscience" is significant. The Hebrew concept of "conscience" is not directly expressed in the Old Testament as it is in the New Testament, but the idea is conveyed through terms related to the heart and mind. Abimelech's assertion indicates his belief in his own integrity and innocence in the situation. This highlights the biblical theme of accountability before God, where intentions and heart motives are as important as actions.

and clean hands
The phrase "clean hands" is a metaphor for innocence and purity of action. In Hebrew, "clean" is "נָקִי" (naki), which conveys the idea of being free from guilt or wrongdoing. This imagery is often used in the Psalms (e.g., Psalm 24:4) to describe those who are righteous and blameless before God. Abimelech's use of this phrase underscores his plea for justice and his desire to be seen as righteous in the eyes of God, despite the misunderstanding.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abraham
- A patriarch in the Bible, known for his faith and obedience to God. In this chapter, he misleads Abimelech by saying Sarah is his sister.

2. Sarah
- Abraham's wife, who is involved in the deception by also claiming Abraham is her brother.

3. Abimelech
- The king of Gerar, who unknowingly takes Sarah into his household, believing her to be Abraham's sister.

4. Gerar
- A Philistine city where this event takes place, highlighting the interactions between Abraham and the surrounding nations.

5. God
- Intervenes in a dream to Abimelech, warning him of the truth about Sarah and preventing him from sinning.

Teaching Points

Integrity in Relationships
Abimelech's claim of innocence reminds us of the importance of integrity and honesty in our relationships. We should strive to act with a clear conscience and clean hands in all our dealings.

God's Sovereignty and Protection
God's intervention in Abimelech's dream demonstrates His sovereignty and protective nature over His people. We can trust that God is actively involved in our lives, guiding and protecting us even when we are unaware.

The Consequences of Deception
Abraham's deception, though intended to protect, led to potential harm and misunderstanding. This teaches us that deceit can have unintended consequences and that truthfulness is always the best path.

Repentance and Restoration
Abimelech's response to God's warning shows the importance of repentance and making things right. When we realize our mistakes, we should seek to correct them promptly.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the interaction between Abraham and Abimelech in Genesis 20:5 reflect on the importance of honesty in our relationships today?

2. In what ways does God's intervention in this account demonstrate His protective nature, and how can we apply this understanding to our own lives?

3. Compare Abraham's actions in Genesis 20 with his previous actions in Genesis 12. What lessons can we learn about recurring sins and God's grace?

4. How does Abimelech's claim of acting with a clear conscience challenge us to examine our own motives and actions in light of God's standards?

5. Reflect on a time when you faced a situation where honesty was difficult. How can the lessons from Genesis 20:5 guide you in handling similar situations in the future?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12:10-20
This earlier event in Egypt parallels the situation in Gerar, where Abraham also claims Sarah is his sister, showing a recurring theme of fear and deception.

Psalm 24:4
This verse speaks of having clean hands and a pure heart, which connects to Abimelech's claim of innocence and integrity in his actions.

Proverbs 21:2
This verse highlights that every way of a man is right in his own eyes, but the Lord weighs the heart, relating to Abimelech's self-assessment of his actions.