Exodus 7:3

But I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

Study Bible

But I will harden
The phrase "I will harden" comes from the Hebrew word "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to strengthen, make firm, or harden. In the context of Exodus, this action by God is not merely about making Pharaoh stubborn but is part of a divine plan to demonstrate His power and sovereignty. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in Exodus, emphasizing God's control over human affairs and His ability to use even the resistance of rulers to fulfill His purposes. This hardening serves as a backdrop for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan for Israel, showcasing His might and justice.

Pharaoh’s heart
The "heart" in Hebrew thought is not just the seat of emotions but the center of intellect, will, and moral decision-making. Pharaoh's heart represents his entire being and decision-making process. By hardening Pharaoh's heart, God is engaging with Pharaoh's will, allowing Pharaoh's own pride and obstinacy to be the means through which God's glory is revealed. This interaction between divine sovereignty and human responsibility is a profound mystery, illustrating the depth of God's wisdom and the complexity of His plans.

and though I multiply
The word "multiply" is derived from the Hebrew "רָבָה" (ravah), meaning to increase or make numerous. God's intention to multiply His signs and wonders is a demonstration of His power and a direct challenge to the Egyptian pantheon and Pharaoh's authority. The multiplication of signs is not just for Pharaoh's benefit but also for the Israelites and the surrounding nations, to witness the supremacy of the God of Israel. This multiplication signifies the abundance of God's power and His relentless pursuit of His people's freedom.

My signs and wonders
"Signs and wonders" are miraculous events that serve as evidence of divine intervention. In the Hebrew context, "signs" (אוֹת, oth) often point to something beyond themselves, serving as a divine message or proof of God's involvement. "Wonders" (מוֹפֵת, mopheth) are extraordinary events that inspire awe and reveal God's power. Together, they are a testament to God's active presence in the world, challenging the natural order and the gods of Egypt. These acts are not random but purposeful, designed to reveal God's character and His covenant faithfulness to Israel.

in the land of Egypt
The "land of Egypt" is not just a geographical location but a symbol of oppression and idolatry. Egypt, in the biblical narrative, represents a world system opposed to God's purposes. By performing signs and wonders in Egypt, God is asserting His dominion over all creation and challenging the spiritual and political powers of the time. This setting underscores the cosmic battle between the God of Israel and the false gods of Egypt, highlighting the theme of liberation and the establishment of God's kingdom on earth. The events in Egypt serve as a foundational account for Israel's identity and faith, reminding them of God's deliverance and sovereignty.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, whose heart God declares He will harden. Pharaoh represents the opposition to God's will and the oppression of God's people.

2. Moses
God's chosen leader to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He is the one through whom God communicates His will and performs signs and wonders.

3. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved. It serves as the backdrop for God's demonstration of power and judgment.

4. Signs and Wonders
Miraculous acts performed by God through Moses and Aaron to demonstrate His power and authority over Egypt and its gods.

5. God (Yahweh)
The sovereign Lord who declares His intention to harden Pharaoh's heart, showcasing His ultimate control over human affairs and His plan for redemption.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty
God is in control of all events, including the hearts of rulers. His plans are not thwarted by human resistance.

Purpose in Hardening
The hardening of Pharaoh's heart serves a divine purpose, allowing God to display His power and deliver His people. It reminds us that God's ways are higher than ours.

Human Responsibility
While God hardens hearts, individuals are still responsible for their actions. Pharaoh's repeated refusals show a willful rejection of God's commands.

Signs and Wonders as Revelation
Miracles serve to reveal God's character and authority. They are not just for spectacle but to lead people to acknowledge Him.

Trust in God's Plan
Even when circumstances seem dire, believers can trust that God is working for His glory and our good, just as He did in Egypt.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding God's sovereignty in hardening Pharaoh's heart affect your view of difficult circumstances in your life?

2. In what ways can we see God's purpose in allowing resistance or opposition in our spiritual journey?

3. How do the signs and wonders in Exodus 7 relate to the miracles of Jesus in the New Testament?

4. What can we learn from Pharaoh's response to God's commands about the dangers of a hardened heart?

5. How can we apply the lessons of God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt to our own experiences of spiritual liberation?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to illustrate God's sovereignty and purpose in showing mercy and judgment.

Exodus 4:21
Earlier, God tells Moses that He will harden Pharaoh's heart, setting the stage for the events in Exodus 7.

Deuteronomy 2:30
Similar language is used regarding the hardening of King Sihon's heart, showing a pattern of God using such actions to fulfill His purposes.