Exodus 39:4

They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened.

Study Bible

They made
The phrase "They made" indicates the skilled craftsmanship and collective effort of the Israelites under the guidance of Bezalel and Oholiab, as described earlier in Exodus. This reflects the obedience of the people to God's commands given through Moses. The Hebrew root for "made" is עָשָׂה (asah), which means to do, fashion, or accomplish. This word emphasizes the active participation and dedication of the Israelites in fulfilling God's instructions for the tabernacle and its furnishings, highlighting the importance of community and cooperation in worship.

Shoulder pieces
The "shoulder pieces" were part of the ephod, a sacred garment worn by the high priest. In Hebrew, the word for shoulder is כָּתֵף (kateph), which can also imply strength or support. These pieces were not merely functional but symbolic, representing the burden and responsibility carried by the high priest on behalf of the people. The shoulder pieces were adorned with onyx stones engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel, signifying the priest's role as an intercessor who bears the people before God.

For the ephod
The ephod was a central garment in the high priest's attire, intricately woven with gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen. The Hebrew word אֵפוֹד (ephod) suggests a garment of significance and authority. Historically, the ephod was associated with divine communication and judgment, as it was used in conjunction with the Urim and Thummim to discern God's will. The ephod's construction and use underscore the holiness and set-apart nature of the priesthood, serving as a constant reminder of God's presence and guidance.

Attached them
The phrase "attached them" indicates the careful and precise work involved in assembling the ephod. The Hebrew root קָשַׁר (qashar) means to bind or tie, suggesting a secure and intentional connection. This attachment signifies the unity and completeness required in the priestly garments, reflecting the perfection and orderliness of God's design. It also symbolizes the interconnectedness of the various elements of worship, each part playing a crucial role in the overall function of the tabernacle.

At its two corners
The "two corners" refer to the specific points where the shoulder pieces were fastened to the ephod. The Hebrew word פִּנָּה (pinah) for corner can also mean a chief or principal part, indicating the importance of these connections. This detail highlights the precision and intentionality in God's instructions, ensuring that every aspect of the priestly garments served a purpose. The corners represent stability and foundation, reminding us of the steadfastness of God's covenant with His people.

So that it could be fastened
The phrase "so that it could be fastened" emphasizes the functional aspect of the design, ensuring that the ephod was secure and properly fitted for the high priest. The Hebrew root חָזַק (chazaq) means to strengthen or make firm, indicating the durability and reliability of the garment. This fastening symbolizes the strength and security found in God's provision and the priest's role in maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation. It serves as a metaphor for the believer's need to be firmly rooted in faith and obedience to God's commands.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The people of God who were given the task of constructing the Tabernacle and its furnishings according to God's instructions.

2. Bezalel and Oholiab
Skilled craftsmen appointed by God to oversee the construction of the Tabernacle and its sacred garments.

3. The Ephod
A sacred garment worn by the High Priest, part of the priestly attire, symbolizing the priest's role as a mediator between God and the people.

4. The Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness.

5. Mount Sinai
The place where God gave Moses the instructions for the Tabernacle and the priestly garments.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Obedience
The Israelites followed God's specific instructions for the ephod, demonstrating the importance of obedience in our walk with God.

Symbolism of the Ephod
The ephod represents the priestly role of mediation, pointing to Christ as our ultimate mediator.

Unity and Connection
The shoulder pieces attached to the ephod symbolize the unity and connection between God and His people, reminding us of our connection to Christ.

Craftsmanship and Skill
The detailed work on the ephod highlights the value of using our God-given skills for His glory.

Priestly Role of Believers
As believers, we are called to be a royal priesthood, serving God and others with dedication and faithfulness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the construction of the ephod reflect the importance of following God's instructions in our lives today?

2. In what ways does the role of the High Priest in the Old Testament foreshadow the work of Jesus Christ as our High Priest?

3. How can we apply the concept of being a "royal priesthood" in our daily interactions with others?

4. What skills or talents has God given you, and how can you use them to serve Him and His people?

5. How does understanding the symbolism of the ephod enhance your appreciation for the unity and connection we have with God through Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28
Provides detailed instructions for making the ephod, highlighting its significance in the priestly garments.

Leviticus 8
Describes the consecration of Aaron and his sons, where the ephod is part of the priestly attire, emphasizing its role in the priesthood.

Hebrews 4:14-16
Connects the role of the High Priest in the Old Testament to Jesus as our Great High Priest, who mediates on our behalf.

1 Peter 2:9
Speaks of believers as a royal priesthood, drawing a parallel to the priestly role in the Old Testament.