Deuteronomy 20:7

Has any man become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man marry her."

Study Bible

And has any man become pledged to a woman
The phrase "become pledged" refers to the ancient Hebrew practice of betrothal, which was a formal and binding agreement, akin to modern-day engagement but with greater legal and social implications. The Hebrew word used here is "ארש" (aras), which signifies a promise or commitment to marry. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, betrothal was a significant step, often involving a dowry and formal agreements between families. This commitment was so binding that breaking it required a formal divorce. The emphasis on this stage highlights the importance of family and continuity in Israelite society, reflecting God's design for marriage as a sacred covenant.

and not married her?
The distinction between being pledged and being married is crucial. The Hebrew word for "married" is "לקח" (laqach), meaning to take or to receive, indicating the formalization of the marriage covenant. This phrase underscores the transitional period between betrothal and marriage, a time of preparation and anticipation. In the biblical context, marriage is not merely a social contract but a divine institution, symbolizing the covenant relationship between God and His people. The protection of this relationship is paramount, as it reflects the faithfulness and commitment expected in the believer's relationship with God.

Let him go back to his house
This directive is a compassionate provision within the Mosaic Law, allowing a man who is betrothed but not yet married to return home. The Hebrew word "שוב" (shuv) means to return or to go back, indicating a restoration to one's place of origin or responsibility. This command reflects God's understanding of human emotions and the importance of personal relationships. It acknowledges the significance of establishing a family and the potential emotional turmoil of losing a loved one before the marriage is consummated. This provision ensures that the man can fulfill his personal commitments without the distraction or fear of loss in battle.

so that he may not die in battle
The phrase highlights the harsh realities of war and the potential for loss of life. The Hebrew word "מות" (muth) means to die or perish, emphasizing the finality and seriousness of death. In the context of ancient Israel, warfare was a common occurrence, and the risk of death was ever-present. This provision serves as a reminder of the value of life and the importance of preserving it for the sake of family and future generations. It reflects God's mercy and His desire for His people to experience the fullness of life, including the joys of marriage and family.

and another man marry her
This final phrase underscores the potential consequences of a man's death in battle, which would leave his betrothed without a husband. The Hebrew word "נשא" (nasa) means to lift, carry, or marry, indicating the act of taking a wife. This provision protects the betrothed woman from the uncertainty and potential hardship of losing her intended husband. It also ensures that the man can fulfill his commitment to her, reflecting the biblical principle of faithfulness and the sanctity of marriage. This command highlights the importance of personal responsibility and the protection of family integrity within the community of God's people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelite Soldiers
The verse addresses the men of Israel who are preparing for battle, providing specific exemptions from military service.

2. Engaged Men
Specifically, those who are betrothed but not yet married are mentioned, highlighting the importance of family and personal commitments.

3. Military Campaigns
The context is the preparation for war, where certain individuals are given leave to ensure personal matters are settled.

4. Betrothal
A significant cultural practice in ancient Israel, where a man and woman were legally pledged to each other before marriage.

5. Moses
The leader of Israel who delivers God's laws and instructions, including those concerning warfare.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Marriage
The verse underscores the importance of marriage and family in God's eyes. Before engaging in communal duties like warfare, personal commitments should be honored.

God's Provision for Personal Needs
God acknowledges personal and familial needs, providing exemptions to ensure that these are met. This reflects His care for individual circumstances.

Balancing Duties
The verse teaches the importance of balancing personal responsibilities with communal or national duties. It encourages believers to prioritize commitments wisely.

Preparation and Readiness
Just as soldiers are prepared for battle, individuals should be prepared in their personal lives, ensuring that commitments are honored and relationships are nurtured.

Community and Individual Roles
The passage highlights the role of individuals within the community, showing that personal well-being contributes to the overall health of the community.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Deuteronomy 20:7 reflect God's view of marriage and family commitments?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of balancing personal and communal responsibilities in our lives today?

3. How does the exemption for engaged men in this verse compare to other biblical exemptions for military service?

4. What can we learn from this passage about God's care for individual circumstances and needs?

5. How might this verse inform our understanding of prioritizing commitments in our own lives, especially in times of conflict or decision-making?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 24:5
This verse also exempts newly married men from military service, emphasizing the importance of establishing a family.

Ecclesiastes 3:8
Discusses a time for war and a time for peace, reflecting the balance between personal life and communal responsibilities.

1 Corinthians 7:32-34
Paul speaks about the concerns of married versus unmarried individuals, highlighting the divided interests that marriage can bring.

Luke 14:20
Jesus uses a similar example of a man excusing himself from a commitment due to marriage, illustrating the weight of personal obligations.