2 Samuel 19:40

Then the king went on to Gilgal, and Chimham crossed over with him. All the troops of Judah and half the troops of Israel escorted the king.

Study Bible

Then the king went on to Gilgal
The phrase "the king" refers to King David, a central figure in the history of Israel and a man after God's own heart (1 Samuel 13:14). The Hebrew word for "king" is "melek," which signifies not just a ruler but one who is divinely appointed. David's journey to Gilgal is significant as Gilgal was a place of renewal and covenant. Historically, Gilgal was the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River into the Promised Land (Joshua 4:19-20). It symbolizes a return to God's promises and a place of recommitment. David's movement towards Gilgal can be seen as a step towards restoring unity and reaffirming his kingship under God's guidance.

and Chimham went with him
Chimham is mentioned here as accompanying David. The name "Chimham" is believed to be derived from the Hebrew root "kamam," meaning "to long for" or "to desire." This could imply a close relationship or loyalty to David. Chimham is traditionally understood to be the son of Barzillai the Gileadite, who had shown great loyalty and support to David during Absalom's rebellion (2 Samuel 19:31-39). Chimham's presence with David signifies the continuation of this loyalty and the blessings that come from supporting God's anointed leader. It also highlights the importance of generational faithfulness and the passing of godly values from one generation to the next.

All the troops of Judah
The "troops of Judah" refers to the military forces from the tribe of Judah, David's own tribe. The Hebrew word for "troops" is "am," which can also mean "people" or "nation." This indicates not just a military escort but a representation of the tribe's support and allegiance to David. Judah's loyalty to David is significant, as it underscores the unity and strength of the tribe in supporting God's chosen king. Historically, Judah was the leading tribe in Israel, and their support was crucial for David's reign. This phrase emphasizes the importance of unity and support within the body of believers, especially in times of transition and restoration.

and half the troops of Israel
The mention of "half the troops of Israel" indicates a divided loyalty among the northern tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word for "half" is "chetsiy," which suggests a division or partial support. This division reflects the political and social tensions present in the nation following Absalom's rebellion. The northern tribes' partial support highlights the challenges David faced in unifying the kingdom. It serves as a reminder of the need for reconciliation and healing within the community of faith. The presence of these troops with David signifies a step towards restoring national unity under God's ordained leadership.

escorted the king
The act of escorting the king signifies honor, protection, and allegiance. The Hebrew word "abar," translated as "escorted," means to pass over or to go beyond. This implies a commitment to go the extra mile in supporting and honoring the king. The escorting of David by both Judah and part of Israel symbolizes a collective acknowledgment of his rightful place as king. It serves as an inspirational reminder of the importance of supporting and honoring those whom God has placed in leadership. In a broader spiritual sense, it calls believers to walk alongside and uphold one another in the journey of faith, ensuring that God's purposes are fulfilled in unity and strength.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King David
The central figure in this passage, David is returning to his kingdom after the rebellion of his son Absalom. His journey back to power is marked by reconciliation and political maneuvering.

2. Chimham
A lesser-known figure, Chimham is believed to be the son of Barzillai, a supporter of David. His presence with David signifies loyalty and the continuation of Barzillai's support.

3. Gilgal
A significant location in Israel's history, often associated with renewal and transition. It serves as a backdrop for David's return to power and the reunification of the kingdom.

4. Troops of Judah and Israel
The division of troops highlights the political tension and division within the nation. Judah's full support contrasts with the partial support from Israel, indicating ongoing strife.

5. The Return from Exile
This event marks David's return to Jerusalem and the restoration of his kingship, symbolizing themes of forgiveness, reconciliation, and divine providence.

Teaching Points

Reconciliation and Unity
David's return to Gilgal with the support of both Judah and Israel, albeit partial, underscores the importance of seeking reconciliation and unity within the body of Christ. Believers are called to be peacemakers and bridge builders in their communities.

Loyalty and Support
Chimham's presence with David highlights the value of loyalty and support in times of transition and challenge. Christians are encouraged to stand by their leaders and fellow believers, offering support and encouragement.

Divine Providence
David's restoration to the throne is a testament to God's providence and faithfulness. Believers can trust that God is in control, even in times of turmoil and uncertainty.

Leadership and Servanthood
David's journey back to power is marked by humility and servanthood. Christian leaders are called to emulate Christ's example of servant leadership, prioritizing the well-being of those they lead.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's journey to Gilgal reflect the themes of reconciliation and unity, and how can we apply these themes in our own lives and communities?

2. In what ways does Chimham's loyalty to David inspire us to support our leaders and fellow believers, especially during challenging times?

3. How does the division between the troops of Judah and Israel mirror divisions within the church today, and what steps can we take to promote unity?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's providence in your life. How does David's account encourage you to trust in God's plan?

5. How can we, as Christians, embody the principles of servant leadership demonstrated by David and ultimately by Jesus Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 11
The initial anointing of Saul at Gilgal, which parallels David's return, emphasizing themes of leadership and divine appointment.

Psalm 23
David's trust in God's guidance and protection, relevant to his journey back to Jerusalem.

John 10
Jesus as the Good Shepherd, drawing a parallel to David's role as a shepherd-king who seeks to unify and lead his people.