2 Chronicles 12:3

with 1,200 chariots, 60,000 horsemen, and countless troops who came with him out of Egypt--Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites.

Study Bible

With twelve hundred chariots
The mention of "twelve hundred chariots" signifies a formidable military force. In ancient warfare, chariots were a symbol of power and technological advancement. The Hebrew word for chariot, "רֶכֶב" (rekeb), often denotes a vehicle of war, emphasizing the might and preparedness of Shishak's army. Historically, Egypt was known for its chariotry, which played a crucial role in its military campaigns. This detail underscores the threat posed to Judah, highlighting the gravity of the situation Rehoboam faced.

sixty thousand horsemen
The "sixty thousand horsemen" further illustrates the scale and strength of the invading force. Horses were valuable assets in ancient armies, providing speed and mobility. The Hebrew term "פָּרָשִׁים" (parashim) refers to horsemen or cavalry, indicating a well-equipped and trained military unit. This vast number suggests a significant investment in military resources by Shishak, reflecting the seriousness of his campaign against Judah.

and countless troops
The phrase "and countless troops" conveys the overwhelming size of the army. The Hebrew word "עָם" (am) can mean people or nation, but in this context, it refers to the multitude of soldiers. This hyperbolic expression emphasizes the seemingly insurmountable odds faced by Rehoboam and Judah, setting the stage for a dramatic confrontation. It also serves to highlight the reliance on divine intervention, as human strength alone appeared insufficient.

who came with him out of Egypt
This phrase indicates the origin of the invading forces, led by Shishak, the Pharaoh of Egypt. Egypt, a powerful and influential nation in the ancient Near East, often played a pivotal role in the region's geopolitics. The historical context reveals that Shishak's campaign was not merely a military endeavor but also a strategic move to assert dominance and influence over the divided kingdom of Israel and Judah.

Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites
The inclusion of "Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites" highlights the diverse composition of Shishak's army. The Libyans, known as "לוּבִים" (Lubim) in Hebrew, were a North African people often associated with Egypt. The Sukkites, or "סֻכִּיִּים" (Sukkiyim), are less well-documented, but they are believed to be a nomadic group allied with Egypt. The Cushites, "כּוּשִׁים" (Kushim), were from the region south of Egypt, known as Nubia or modern-day Sudan. This coalition of forces underscores the extensive reach and influence of Egypt, as well as the unity of various groups under Shishak's command, presenting a formidable challenge to Judah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shishak, King of Egypt
The Pharaoh who invaded Judah during the reign of Rehoboam, Solomon's son. His military campaign is a significant event in the history of Israel and Judah.

2. Rehoboam
The son of Solomon and king of Judah at the time of Shishak's invasion. His reign was marked by a division of the kingdom and spiritual decline.

3. Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites
These groups were part of Shishak's army. They represent the diverse and formidable forces that came against Judah.

4. Egypt
The nation from which Shishak launched his invasion. Egypt was a powerful and influential kingdom in the ancient Near East.

5. Judah
The southern kingdom of Israel, ruled by Rehoboam, which faced the threat of Shishak's invasion.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
Rehoboam's failure to follow God's commandments led to vulnerability and invasion. Disobedience to God often results in negative consequences.

The Danger of Complacency
Judah's spiritual decline under Rehoboam's leadership made them susceptible to external threats. Believers must remain vigilant in their faith and commitment to God.

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
Shishak's invasion was allowed by God as a form of judgment. This reminds us that God is sovereign and uses even adversities to fulfill His purposes.

The Importance of Repentance
Later in the chapter, Rehoboam and the leaders of Judah humble themselves, and God shows mercy. Repentance can lead to restoration and divine intervention.

The Role of Diverse Forces
The inclusion of various groups in Shishak's army illustrates how God can use diverse means to accomplish His will. Believers should recognize God's hand in all circumstances.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the invasion by Shishak reflect the spiritual state of Judah under Rehoboam's leadership?

2. In what ways can we see the consequences of disobedience to God in our own lives, and how can we address them?

3. How does the composition of Shishak's army (Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites) illustrate the broader theme of God's sovereignty over nations?

4. What steps can we take to avoid spiritual complacency and ensure that we remain faithful to God's commandments?

5. How can the account of Rehoboam's repentance and God's mercy encourage us in our personal walk with God, especially when we face the consequences of our actions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Kings 14:25-26
This passage parallels the account in 2 Chronicles 12, describing Shishak's invasion and the plundering of Jerusalem.

Exodus 12:38
The mention of a "mixed multitude" leaving Egypt with the Israelites can be connected to the diverse composition of Shishak's army, highlighting Egypt's historical role as a melting pot of peoples.

Isaiah 20:4-5
This prophecy against Egypt and Cush underscores the transient nature of earthly power and alliances, which is relevant to the events of 2 Chronicles 12.