1 Samuel 22:20

But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped. His name was Abiathar, and he fled to David.

Study Bible

But one son of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative of David's rise to kingship. The Hebrew root for "escaped" is "מלט" (malat), which conveys the idea of slipping away or delivering oneself from danger. In the context of the massacre at Nob, where King Saul ordered the death of the priests, this escape signifies divine providence and protection. Historically, this event underscores the tension between Saul and David, highlighting Saul's increasing paranoia and the unjust persecution of the innocent. Abiathar's escape is not merely a physical act but a divinely orchestrated event that preserves the priestly line and ensures the continuation of God's covenantal promises.

and fled to David
The act of fleeing to David is significant both theologically and politically. The Hebrew word for "fled" is "ברח" (barach), which implies seeking refuge or safety. David, though a fugitive himself, becomes a sanctuary for those oppressed by Saul's tyranny. This reflects David's role as a type of Christ, a shepherd-king who provides refuge and leadership. Abiathar's decision to align with David is a testament to David's growing influence and the recognition of his anointed status. It also foreshadows the eventual establishment of David's kingdom, where he will rule with justice and righteousness.

His name was Abiathar
The name "Abiathar" means "father of abundance" or "my father excels," derived from the Hebrew roots "אב" (ab, meaning "father") and "יתר" (yathar, meaning "to excel" or "to be abundant"). Abiathar's presence in David's life is not just incidental; it is providential. As the sole surviving priest from the line of Ahimelech, Abiathar represents the continuity of the priestly ministry and the enduring faithfulness of God to His people. His name itself is prophetic, indicating the abundance of God's grace and provision even in times of trial. Abiathar's later role as high priest during David's reign further emphasizes the restoration and renewal that God brings through His chosen leaders.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abiathar
The son of Ahimelech, a priest who served at Nob. Abiathar is the sole survivor of a massacre ordered by King Saul, and he escapes to join David, becoming a significant figure in David's life and reign.

2. Ahimelech
The father of Abiathar and a priest at Nob. He is executed by Saul for assisting David, highlighting the tension between Saul and David.

3. David
The future king of Israel, who is at this time fleeing from Saul. David becomes a protector and ally to Abiathar, symbolizing God's provision and protection.

4. Nob
A city of priests where Ahimelech served. It becomes a site of tragedy when Saul orders the killing of its inhabitants, demonstrating the extent of Saul's paranoia and disobedience to God.

5. Saul
The first king of Israel, whose jealousy and fear of David lead him to commit grievous acts, including the massacre at Nob.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Protection
Despite the tragic events, Abiathar's escape to David shows God's hand in preserving a remnant for His purposes. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty even in dire circumstances.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's actions are a direct result of his disobedience to God. This serves as a warning to remain faithful and obedient to God's commands.

The Role of the Priesthood
Abiathar's role as a priest with David highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance. It reminds believers of the need for godly leaders who seek God's will.

The Importance of Refuge and Community
Abiathar finds refuge with David, illustrating the importance of seeking and providing support within the community of faith during times of trial.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Abiathar's escape to David demonstrate God's provision and protection in times of crisis?

2. In what ways does the massacre at Nob reflect the consequences of Saul's disobedience, and how can this serve as a warning for us today?

3. How does Abiathar's role as a priest with David illustrate the importance of spiritual leadership in our lives?

4. What can we learn from David's response to Abiathar's plight about providing refuge and support to those in need?

5. How do the events of 1 Samuel 22:20 connect to the broader account of God's faithfulness to His promises, particularly in relation to the house of Eli?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 2:31-33
This passage foretells the downfall of Eli's house, to which Ahimelech and Abiathar belong. Abiathar's escape fulfills part of this prophecy, as he is the only one to survive the massacre.

1 Kings 2:26-27
Abiathar's later life is connected to Solomon's reign, where he is removed from the priesthood, fulfilling the prophecy against Eli's house.

Psalm 52
Written by David after the events at Nob, this psalm reflects on the wickedness of Doeg the Edomite, who carried out Saul's orders, and contrasts it with the righteousness of God.