1 Samuel 16:11

And Samuel asked him, "Are these all the sons you have?" "There is still the youngest," Jesse replied, "but he is tending the sheep." "Send for him," Samuel replied. "For we will not sit down to eat until he arrives."

Study Bible

And Samuel said to Jesse
The prophet Samuel, a pivotal figure in Israel's history, is acting under divine instruction. His role as a prophet and judge is crucial, as he bridges the period between the judges and the monarchy. Samuel's inquiry to Jesse, David's father, is significant because it reflects God's sovereign choice, not human preference. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often conveys not just speaking but declaring or commanding, indicating the authority with which Samuel speaks.

Are these all the sons you have?
This question underscores the theme of divine selection versus human oversight. Jesse presents his sons, but God's choice is not among them. The Hebrew word for "sons" (בָּנִים, banim) is a reminder of the patriarchal lineage and the importance of family heritage in Israelite culture. This moment highlights that God's criteria for leadership differ from human expectations.

There is still the youngest
David, the youngest son, is initially overlooked, which is a recurring biblical theme where God chooses the least likely candidate to fulfill His purposes. The Hebrew word for "youngest" (קָטָן, qatan) can also mean "small" or "insignificant," emphasizing that God's choice is not based on human standards of importance or maturity.

but he is tending the sheep
David's role as a shepherd is both literal and symbolic. Shepherding was a common occupation, yet it also foreshadows David's future role as the shepherd-king of Israel. The Hebrew root for "tending" (רָעָה, ra'ah) means to pasture or shepherd, which is rich with imagery of care, guidance, and protection—qualities essential for a king. This phrase also connects to the pastoral tradition in Israel's history, where leaders like Moses and later Jesus are depicted as shepherds.

Samuel said, 'Send for him
Samuel's directive to "send for" David is immediate and urgent. The Hebrew verb (שָׁלַח, shalach) implies dispatching with purpose. This action signifies the divine urgency and importance of David's anointing, as God's plan is unfolding in real-time.

for we will not sit down to eat until he arrives
This statement reflects the honor and anticipation surrounding David's arrival. The act of sitting down to eat is a communal and covenantal act in ancient Near Eastern culture. The Hebrew phrase for "sit down" (יָשַׁב, yashab) can also mean to dwell or remain, indicating a pause in proceedings until the rightful person is present. This moment foreshadows the honor and responsibility that will be bestowed upon David, aligning with God's sovereign will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Samuel
A prophet of the Lord, tasked with anointing the next king of Israel. He is obedient to God's direction and plays a crucial role in the transition of leadership from Saul to David.

2. Jesse
The father of David, residing in Bethlehem. He presents his sons to Samuel, unaware that God has chosen his youngest, David, for a significant purpose.

3. David
The youngest son of Jesse, initially overlooked and tending sheep. He is God's chosen one to be anointed as the future king of Israel.

4. Bethlehem
The town where Jesse and his family live. It is significant as the birthplace of David and later, Jesus Christ.

5. The Anointing Event
A pivotal moment where God directs Samuel to anoint David, setting the stage for David's future as king.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereign Choice
God often chooses the least likely candidates to fulfill His purposes, demonstrating His sovereignty and wisdom beyond human understanding.

The Value of Humility and Service
David's role as a shepherd reflects humility and service, qualities that God values and uses for His glory.

Obedience to God's Call
Samuel's obedience in seeking out David, despite appearances, teaches us the importance of following God's direction even when it defies human logic.

God Sees the Heart
While humans often judge by outward appearances, God looks at the heart. This challenges us to cultivate inner character and integrity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of David's anointing challenge our perceptions of leadership and qualifications?

2. In what ways can we be more attentive to God's calling in our lives, even if it seems unexpected or unconventional?

3. How does David's humble beginning as a shepherd encourage us in our current roles or positions?

4. What are some practical ways we can develop a heart that aligns with God's, as seen in David's life?

5. How can we apply the principle of looking beyond appearances in our relationships and interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 78:70-72
This passage reflects on God's choice of David, highlighting his humble beginnings as a shepherd and his rise to shepherd God's people, Israel.

Acts 13:22
This verse in the New Testament references David as a man after God's own heart, chosen to fulfill God's purposes.

Matthew 1:1
The genealogy of Jesus Christ begins with David, emphasizing his importance in the lineage of the Messiah.