Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, "Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?" Then Zedekiah son of ChenaanahZedekiah, whose name means "Yahweh is righteousness," is identified as the son of Chenaanah. This introduction sets the stage for a confrontation between two prophetic voices. Zedekiah represents the false prophets who were numerous in Israel at the time, often leading the people astray. His lineage, "son of Chenaanah," may suggest a background of influence or authority, yet it contrasts with the true prophetic voice of Micaiah. Historically, false prophets were often in the service of the king, seeking favor rather than truth. went up
The phrase "went up" indicates a deliberate action, suggesting Zedekiah's boldness and confidence in confronting Micaiah. This movement is not just physical but symbolic of the arrogance and presumption of false prophets who elevate themselves against God's true messengers. In the context of ancient Israel, such confrontations were not uncommon, as prophets often faced opposition from those in power. struck Micaiah in the face
This act of violence is significant, as striking someone in the face was a grave insult and a challenge to their authority. It reflects the hostility that true prophets often faced when delivering messages that contradicted the desires of the powerful. Micaiah, whose name means "Who is like Yahweh?" stands firm in his conviction, embodying the courage required to speak God's truth despite opposition. This moment foreshadows the suffering that many prophets, and ultimately Christ, would endure for the sake of truth. and demanded
Zedekiah's demand is not a genuine inquiry but a rhetorical challenge. It reveals his disbelief and scorn for Micaiah's prophecy. In the Hebrew context, demands like this were often used to assert dominance and discredit the opponent. This reflects the broader spiritual battle between truth and deception, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture. Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go from me
Zedekiah's question is laden with irony and self-deception. He assumes possession of the Spirit of the LORD, yet his actions and words reveal a disconnect from God's truth. The "Spirit of the LORD" in Hebrew thought is the divine presence and power that inspires true prophecy. Zedekiah's claim to it is a stark contrast to the reality of his false prophecies. This highlights the danger of presumption and the importance of discernment in spiritual matters. to speak to you?
The challenge here is direct and personal. Zedekiah questions Micaiah's authority and the authenticity of his message. This reflects a common theme in the Bible where God's true messengers are often doubted and ridiculed. Micaiah's steadfastness in the face of such questioning serves as an inspiration for believers to hold fast to God's truth, even when it is unpopular or contested. The phrase underscores the tension between human authority and divine revelation, a central theme in the prophetic tradition. Persons / Places / Events 1. Zedekiah son of ChenaanahA false prophet who opposed Micaiah and supported King Ahab with favorable prophecies. 2. MicaiahA true prophet of the LORD who delivered an unpopular message of truth to King Ahab. 3. King AhabThe king of Israel who sought counsel from prophets regarding going to war against Ramoth-gilead. 4. Spirit of the LORDThe divine presence and influence that guides true prophets in delivering God's messages. 5. Ramoth-gileadThe location of the impending battle where Ahab sought to reclaim territory from the Arameans. Teaching Points The Cost of TruthStanding for God's truth may lead to persecution and opposition, as seen in Micaiah's experience. Believers should be prepared to face challenges when they uphold biblical truth. Discernment of SpiritsThe confrontation between Micaiah and Zedekiah underscores the need for discernment in distinguishing between true and false messages. Believers should seek the guidance of the Holy Spirit and Scripture to discern truth. Courage in Prophetic MinistryMicaiah's boldness in delivering God's message, despite the threat of violence, serves as an example for believers to courageously proclaim God's word, regardless of the consequences. The Role of the Holy SpiritThe question posed by Zedekiah highlights the importance of the Holy Spirit's role in guiding and empowering true prophets. Believers should rely on the Holy Spirit for wisdom and guidance in their lives. Accountability to GodUltimately, prophets and believers are accountable to God for the messages they deliver and the lives they lead. Faithfulness to God's word should be the priority over seeking human approval. Bible Study Questions 1. How does the confrontation between Micaiah and Zedekiah illustrate the challenges of standing for truth in a culture that may oppose it? 2. In what ways can believers today discern between true and false messages, especially in a world filled with conflicting voices? 3. How can Micaiah's example of courage inspire us to speak truth in our own lives, even when it is unpopular or risky? 4. What role does the Holy Spirit play in guiding believers to understand and proclaim God's truth, and how can we cultivate a deeper reliance on the Spirit? 5. How can we ensure that our primary accountability is to God rather than seeking approval from others, especially when faced with difficult decisions or opposition? Connections to Other Scriptures 2 Chronicles 18This chapter parallels the events of 1 Kings 22, providing additional context and details about the confrontation between Micaiah and the false prophets. Jeremiah 28The conflict between the true prophet Jeremiah and the false prophet Hananiah mirrors the confrontation between Micaiah and Zedekiah, highlighting the theme of true versus false prophecy. Matthew 5:11-12Jesus speaks about the persecution of true prophets, which relates to Micaiah's experience of being struck and mocked for speaking God's truth. People Ahab, Ahaziah, Amon, Aram, Asa, Azubah, Chenaanah, David, Geber, Imlah, Jehoram, Jehoshaphat, Jeroboam, Joash, Micah, Micaiah, Nebat, Ophir, Shilhi, Sodomites, Syrians, Tarshish, Tharshish, ZedekiahPlaces Edom, Ezion-geber, Jerusalem, Ophir, Ramoth-gilead, Samaria, Syria, TarshishTopics Blow, Check, Cheek, Chenaanah, Chena'anah, Draweth, Face, Kenaanah, Micah, Micaiah, Micai'ah, Nigh, Pass, Passed, Saying, Slapped, Smiteth, Smote, Speak, Spirit, Struck, Zedekiah, Zedeki'ahDictionary of Bible Themes 1 Kings 22:24 3015 Holy Spirit, divinity
3257 Holy Spirit, gift of
5150 face
5814 confrontation
8816 ridicule, nature of 1 Kings 22:1-28 7774 prophets, false 1 Kings 22:1-38 8131 guidance, results 1 Kings 22:10-28 1469 visions 1 Kings 22:15-28 7712 convincing 1 Kings 22:17-38 6708 predestination 1 Kings 22:24-25 5496 revenge, examples 1 Kings 22:24-27 5822 criticism, against believers Library Unpossessed Possessions
'And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria?'--1 KINGS xxii. 3. This city of Ramoth in Gilead was an important fortified place on the eastern side of the Jordan, and had, many years before the date of our text, been captured by its northern neighbours in the kingdom of Syria. A treaty had subsequently been concluded and broken a war followed thereafter, in which Ben-hadad, King of Syria, …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy ScriptureAhab and Micaiah
'And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the Lord besides, that we might enquire of him? 8. And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah, by whom we may enquire of the Lord: but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil.'--1 KINGS xxii. 7,8. An ill-omened alliance had been struck up between Ahab of Israel and Jehoshaphat of Judah. The latter, who would have been much better in Jerusalem, had come down to Samaria …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture The Prophet Micah.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Micah signifies: "Who is like Jehovah;" and by this name, the prophet is consecrated to the incomparable God, just as Hosea was to the helping God, and Nahum to the comforting God. He prophesied, according to the inscription, under Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. We are not, however, entitled, on this account, to dissever his prophecies, and to assign particular discourses to the reign of each of these kings. On the contrary, the entire collection forms only one whole. At …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament The Poetical Books (Including Also Ecclesiastes and Canticles).
1. The Hebrews reckon but three books as poetical, namely: Job, Psalms, and Proverbs, which are distinguished from the rest by a stricter rhythm--the rhythm not of feet, but of clauses (see below, No. 3)--and a peculiar system of accentuation. It is obvious to every reader that the poetry of the Old Testament, in the usual sense of the word, is not restricted to these three books. But they are called poetical in a special and technical sense. In any natural classification of the books of the …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible The Assyrian Revival and the Struggle for Syria
Assur-nazir-pal (885-860) and Shalmaneser III. (860-825)--The kingdom of Urartu and its conquering princes: Menuas and Argistis. Assyria was the first to reappear on the scene of action. Less hampered by an ancient past than Egypt and Chaldaea, she was the sooner able to recover her strength after any disastrous crisis, and to assume again the offensive along the whole of her frontier line. Image Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a bas-relief at Koyunjik of the time of Sennacherib. The initial cut, …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7 Use to be Made of the Doctrine of Providence.
Sections. 1. Summary of the doctrine of Divine Providence. 1. It embraces the future and the past. 2. It works by means, without means, and against means. 3. Mankind, and particularly the Church, the object of special care. 4. The mode of administration usually secret, but always just. This last point more fully considered. 2. The profane denial that the world is governed by the secret counsel of God, refuted by passages of Scripture. Salutary counsel. 3. This doctrine, as to the secret counsel of …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion The Shepherd of Our Souls.
"I am the good Shepherd: the good Shepherd giveth His life for the sheep."--John x. 11. Our Lord here appropriates to Himself the title under which He had been foretold by the Prophets. "David My servant shall be king over them," says Almighty God by the mouth of Ezekiel: "and they all shall have one Shepherd." And in the book of Zechariah, "Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, and against the man that is My fellow, saith the Lord of Hosts; smite the Shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered." …
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII Of Councils and their Authority.
1. The true nature of Councils. 2. Whence the authority of Councils is derived. What meant by assembling in the name of Christ. 3. Objection, that no truth remains in the Church if it be not in Pastors and Councils. Answer, showing by passages from the Old Testament that Pastors were often devoid of the spirit of knowledge and truth. 4. Passages from the New Testament showing that our times were to be subject to the same evil. This confirmed by the example of almost all ages. 5. All not Pastors who …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion That the Employing Of, and Associating with the Malignant Party, According as is Contained in the Public Resolutions, is Sinful and Unlawful.
That The Employing Of, And Associating With The Malignant Party, According As Is Contained In The Public Resolutions, Is Sinful And Unlawful. If there be in the land a malignant party of power and policy, and the exceptions contained in the Act of Levy do comprehend but few of that party, then there need be no more difficulty to prove, that the present public resolutions and proceedings do import an association and conjunction with a malignant party, than to gather a conclusion from clear premises. …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning Of Passages from the Holy Scriptures, and from the Apocrypha, which are Quoted, or Incidentally Illustrated, in the Institutes.
TO THE AUTHORS QUOTED IN THE INSTITUTES PREFATORY ADDRESS TO HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY, THE MOST MIGHTY AND ILLUSTRIOUS MONARCH, FRANCIS, KING OF THE FRENCH, HIS SOVEREIGN; [1] JOHN CALVIN PRAYS PEACE AND SALVATION IN CHRIST. [2] Sire,--When I first engaged in this work, nothing was farther from my thoughts than to write what should afterwards be presented to your Majesty. My intention was only to furnish a kind of rudiments, by which those who feel some interest in religion might be trained to …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion He Does Battle for the Faith; He Restores Peace among those who were at Variance; He Takes in Hand to Build a Stone Church.
57. (32). There was a certain clerk in Lismore whose life, as it is said, was good, but his faith not so. He was a man of some knowledge in his own eyes, and dared to say that in the Eucharist there is only a sacrament and not the fact[718] of the sacrament, that is, mere sanctification and not the truth of the Body. On this subject he was often addressed by Malachy in secret, but in vain; and finally he was called before a public assembly, the laity however being excluded, in order that if it were …
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh Sovereignty of God in Administration
"The LORD hath prepared His Throne In the heavens; and His Kingdom ruleth over all" (Psa. 103:19). First, a word concerning the need for God to govern the material world. Suppose the opposite for a moment. For the sake of argument, let us say that God created the world, designed and fixed certain laws (which men term "the laws of Nature"), and that He then withdrew, leaving the world to its fortune and the out-working of these laws. In such a case, we should have a world over which there was no intelligent, …
Arthur W. Pink—The Sovereignty of God Tit. 2:06 Thoughts for Young Men
WHEN St. Paul wrote his Epistle to Titus about his duty as a minister, he mentioned young men as a class requiring peculiar attention. After speaking of aged men and aged women, and young women, he adds this pithy advice, "Young men likewise exhort to be sober-minded" (Tit. 2:6). I am going to follow the Apostle's advice. I propose to offer a few words of friendly exhortation to young men. I am growing old myself, but there are few things I remember so well as the days of my youth. I have a most …
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times General Principles of Interpretation. 1 Since the Bible Addresses Men in Human Language...
CHAPTER XXXIV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION. 1. Since the Bible addresses men in human language, and according to human modes of thinking and speaking, the interpreter's first work is to ascertain the meaning of the terms employed. Here he must proceed as in the case of other writings, seeking by the aid of grammars, lexicons, cognate languages, ancient versions, ancient interpreters, and whatever other outward helps are available, to gain a thorough knowledge of the language employed by …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible Commerce
The remarkable change which we have noticed in the views of Jewish authorities, from contempt to almost affectation of manual labour, could certainly not have been arbitrary. But as we fail to discover here any religious motive, we can only account for it on the score of altered political and social circumstances. So long as the people were, at least nominally, independent, and in possession of their own land, constant engagement in a trade would probably mark an inferior social stage, and imply …
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life The Figurative Language of Scripture.
1. When the psalmist says: "The Lord God is a sun and shield" (Psa. 84:11), he means that God is to all his creatures the source of life and blessedness, and their almighty protector; but this meaning he conveys under the figure of a sun and a shield. When, again, the apostle James says that Moses is read in the synagogues every Sabbath-day (Acts 15:21), he signifies the writings of Moses under the figure of his name. In these examples the figure lies in particular words. But it may be embodied …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible Instruction for the Ignorant:
BEING A SALVE TO CURE THAT GREAT WANT OF KNOWLEDGE, WHICH SO MUCH REIGNS BOTH IN YOUNG AND OLD. PREPARED AND PRESENTED TO THEM IN A PLAIN AND EASY DIALOGUE, FITTED TO THE CAPACITY OF THE WEAKEST. 'My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge.'--Hosea 4:6 ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. This little catechism is upon a plan perfectly new and unique. It was first published as a pocket volume in 1675, and has been republished in every collection of the author's works; and recently in a separate tract. …
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3 Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.), …
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament Links 1 Kings 22:24 NIV1 Kings 22:24 NLT1 Kings 22:24 ESV1 Kings 22:24 NASB1 Kings 22:24 KJV
1 Kings 22:24 Commentaries
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