1 John 4:2
By this you will know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God,
By this you know
The phrase "By this you know" serves as a definitive statement, providing believers with a clear criterion for discernment. The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκετε" (ginōskete), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. This suggests that the knowledge of the Spirit of God is not just theoretical but is something believers can experience and recognize in their daily walk with Christ. Historically, this assurance was crucial for early Christians who faced various false teachings and needed a reliable way to discern truth from error.

the Spirit of God
The "Spirit of God" refers to the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, who is active in the world and in the lives of believers. The Holy Spirit's role is to testify about Christ, guide believers into all truth, and empower them for godly living. In the context of 1 John, the Spirit of God is contrasted with false spirits, emphasizing the need for discernment. The presence of the Holy Spirit is a hallmark of true Christian faith and is evidenced by the confession of Jesus Christ as Lord.

Every spirit that confesses
The word "confesses" comes from the Greek "ὁμολογεῖ" (homologei), meaning to agree or to declare openly. This confession is not merely a verbal acknowledgment but a heartfelt declaration of faith. In the early church, confession was a public and often dangerous act, as it could lead to persecution. Thus, this confession is a bold affirmation of belief in Jesus Christ, distinguishing true believers from those who follow false teachings.

that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh
This phrase is central to Christian doctrine, affirming the incarnation of Jesus Christ. The Greek word "ἐληλυθότα" (elelythota) for "has come" indicates a completed action with ongoing significance. The incarnation is the belief that Jesus, the eternal Son of God, took on human nature and lived among us. This counters early heresies like Docetism, which denied Christ's true humanity. The historical reality of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection is foundational to the Christian faith, and this confession is a test of orthodoxy.

is from God
The phrase "is from God" signifies divine origin and approval. In the context of 1 John, it serves as a litmus test for determining the authenticity of spiritual claims. A spirit that acknowledges the true nature of Jesus Christ aligns with God's revelation and is therefore trustworthy. This assurance provides comfort and confidence to believers, affirming that their faith is rooted in divine truth and not human invention. The historical and scriptural context underscores the importance of adhering to apostolic teaching as the standard for truth.

Persons / Places / Events
1. John the Apostle
The author of 1 John, one of Jesus' original twelve disciples, known for his close relationship with Jesus and his emphasis on love and truth.

2. Jesus Christ
Central figure of Christianity, whose incarnation (coming in the flesh) is a foundational truth of the faith.

3. The Spirit of God
Refers to the Holy Spirit, who testifies to the truth of Jesus Christ and His incarnation.

4. False Prophets
Individuals who spread teachings contrary to the truth of Jesus' incarnation, often influenced by the spirit of the antichrist.

5. The Early Church
The community of believers to whom John wrote, facing challenges from false teachings and needing discernment.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Confession
Confessing Jesus Christ as having come in the flesh is a fundamental test of true faith and orthodoxy.

Discernment of Spirits
Believers are called to discern between the Spirit of God and false spirits by examining their confession about Jesus.

The Incarnation's Centrality
The truth of Jesus' incarnation is central to Christian doctrine and must be upheld against false teachings.

Guarding Against Deception
Christians must be vigilant against false prophets and teachings that deny the incarnation of Christ.

Living in Truth
Embracing the truth of Jesus' incarnation should lead to a life that reflects His love and truth in action.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the confession that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh serve as a test for discerning true and false spirits?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of discerning spirits in our daily lives and interactions with various teachings?

3. How does the truth of Jesus' incarnation impact our understanding of His nature and mission?

4. What are some modern examples of teachings or beliefs that deny the incarnation of Christ, and how should we respond to them?

5. How can we ensure that our confession of faith aligns with the truth of Scripture, particularly regarding the person and work of Jesus Christ?
Connections to Other Scriptures
John 1:14
This verse emphasizes the Word becoming flesh, reinforcing the truth of Jesus' incarnation.

1 John 4:3
The following verse warns against spirits that do not confess Jesus, identifying them with the spirit of the antichrist.

2 John 1:7
Warns about deceivers who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh, similar to the message in 1 John 4:2.

Philippians 2:6-7
Describes Jesus' humility in taking on human form, supporting the truth of His incarnation.

1 Timothy 3:16
Affirms the mystery of godliness, including Jesus being manifested in the flesh.
A Caution Against FanaticismJ. Lindsay, D. D.1 John 4:1-3
Characteristic Nature of the Influences of the Holy Spirit with Reference to Personal ReligionE. Yoking, M. A.1 John 4:1-3
Christ Made a PhantomHenry Bacon.1 John 4:1-3
Our Righteousness Exercised in Trying the SpiritsR. S. Candlish, D. D.1 John 4:1-3
Rules for Trial of the SpiritsChas. Peters, M. A.1 John 4:1-3
Testing False TeachersJ. Morgan, D. D.1 John 4:1-3
The Duty of Testing the SpiritsJ. J. Lias, M. A.1 John 4:1-3
The Object of FaithW. B. Jones, M. A.1 John 4:1-3
The Springs and Motives of False Pretences to the Holy SpiritD. Waterland, D. D.1 John 4:1-3
The Test of Truth -- Confessing ChristF. Ferguson, D. D.1 John 4:1-3
The True and False SpiritsG. G. Findlay, B. A.1 John 4:1-3
Try the SpiritsAbp. Wm. Alexander.1 John 4:1-3
The Spirit of Truth and the Spirit of ErrorR. Finlayson 1 John 4:1-6
People
John, Jude
Places
Ephesus
Topics
Acknowledges, Christ, Confess, Confesses, Confesseth, Flesh, Hereby, Recognize, Says, Spirit, Test
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 John 4:2

     1511   Trinity, relationships in
     2033   Christ, humanity
     2515   Christ, birth of
     2595   incarnation
     3281   Holy Spirit, inspiration
     6166   flesh, sinful nature
     8407   confession, of Christ

1 John 4:1-3

     2422   gospel, confirmation
     5441   philosophy
     7026   church, leadership
     8227   discernment, nature of
     8766   heresies

1 John 4:1-4

     4125   Satan, agents of

1 John 4:1-5

     8750   false teachings

1 John 4:1-6

     4132   demons, malevolence
     7774   prophets, false

1 John 4:2-3

     2423   gospel, essence
     3293   Holy Spirit, witness of
     8237   doctrine, false

Library
Love of God and Man
FIRST SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Eversley. Chester Cathedral, 1872. 1 John iv. 16, 21. "God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. . . . And this commandment have we from Him, That he who loveth God love his brother also." This is the first Sunday after Trinity. On it the Church begins to teach us morals,--that is, how to live a good life; and therefore she begins by teaching us the foundation of all morals,--which is love,--love to God and love to man. But which
Charles Kingsley—All Saints' Day and Other Sermons

First Sunday after Trinity God is Love.
Text: 1 John 4, 16-21. 16 God is love; and he that abideth in love abideth in God, and God abideth in him. 17 Herein is love made perfect with us, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment; because as he is, even so are we in this world. 18 There is no fear in love: but perfect love casteth out fear, because fear hath punishment; and he that feareth is not made perfect in love. 19 We love, because he first loved us. 20 If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

Christ's Mission the Revelation of God's Love
'Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us, and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins.'--1 John iv. 10. This is the second of a pair of twin verses which deal with substantially the same subject under two slightly different aspects. The thought common to both is that Christ's mission is the great revelation of God's love. But in the preceding verse the point on which stress is laid is the manifestation of that love, and in our text the point mainly brought out is its
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture Ephesians, Peter,John

The Servant as his Lord
'... As He is, so are we in this world.'--1 John iv. 17. Large truths may be spoken in little words. Profundity is often supposed to be obscurity, but the deepest depth is clear. John, in his gospel and epistles, deals with the deepest realities, and with all things in their eternal aspects, but his vocabulary is the simplest in the New Testament. God and the world, life and death, love and hate, light and darkness, these are the favourite words round which his thoughts gather. Here are nine little
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture Ephesians, Peter,John

Love and Fear
'There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear: because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in love.'--1 John iv. 18. John has been speaking of boldness, and that naturally suggests its opposite--fear. He has been saying that perfect love produces courage in the day of judgment, because it produces likeness to Christ, who is the Judge. In my text he explains and enlarges that statement. For there is another way in which love produces boldness, and that is by its
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture Ephesians, Peter,John

The Ray and the Reflection
'We love Him, because He first loved us.'--1 John iv. 19. Very simple words! but they go down into the depths of God, lifting burdens off the heart of humanity, turning duty into delight, and changing the aspect of all things. He who knows that God loves him needs little more for blessedness; he who loves God back again offers more than all burnt offering and sacrifices. But it is to be observed that the correct reading of my text, as you will find in the Revised Version, omits 'Him' in the first
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture Ephesians, Peter,John

May the Sixth the Perfecting of Love
"Herein is our love made perfect." --1 JOHN iv. 11-21. How? By dwelling in God and God in us. Love is not a manufacture; it is a fruit. It is not born of certain works; it springs out of certain relations. It does not come from doing something; it comes from living with Somebody. "Abide in Me." That is how love is born, for "love is of God, and God is love." How many people are striving who are not abiding. They live in a manufactory, they do not live in a home. They are trying to make something
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

Love's Logic
But, dear friends, I trust after many years of instruction in the doctrines of our holy faith, I need not keep to the beaten doctrinal track, but may lead you in a parallel path, in which the same truth may be from another point. I purpose to preach an experimental sermon, and possibly this will be even more in accordance with the run of the passage and the mind of its writer, than a doctrinal discourse. We shall view the text as a fact which we have tested and proved in our own consciousness. Under
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 17: 1871

A Psalm of Remembrance
Let me add another figure to render this truth yet more apparent. Suppose an eloquent foreigner, from a sunny clime, should endeavour to make you appreciate the fruits of his nation. He depicts them to you. He describes their luscious flavour, their cooling juice, their delicious sweetness; but how powerless will be his oration, compared with your vivid remembrance, if you have yourself partaken of the dainties of his land. It is even so with the good things of God; describe them as we may, we cannot
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

Love
Can you imagine a being placed halfway between this world and heaven? Can you conceive of him as having such enlarged capacities that he could easily discern what was done in heaven, and what was done on earth? I can conceive that, before the Fall, if there had been such a being, he would have been struck with the singular harmony which existed between God's great world, called heaven, and the little world, the earth. Whenever the chimes of heaven rang, the great note of those massive bells was love;
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

Dark Times
1 JOHN iv. 16-18. We have known and believed the love that God hath to us. God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. Herein is our love made perfect, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment; because as he is, so are we in this world. There is no fear in love but perfect love casteth out fear; because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in love. Have we learnt this lesson? Our reading, and thinking, and praying, have been in vain, unless
Charles Kingsley—The Good News of God

"And if Christ be in You, the Body is Dead Because of Sin; but the Spirit is Life Because of Righteousness. "
Rom. viii. 10.--"And if Christ be in you, the body is dead because of sin; but the Spirit is life because of righteousness." God's presence is his working. His presence in a soul by his Spirit is his working in such a soul in some special manner, not common to all men, but peculiar to them whom he hath chosen. Now his dwelling is nothing else but a continued, familiar and endless working in a soul, till he hath conformed all within to the image of his Son. The soul is the office house, or workhouse,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

"For what the Law could not Do, in that it was Weak Though the Flesh, God Sending his Own Son,"
Rom. viii. 3.--"For what the law could not do, in that it was weak though the flesh, God sending his own Son," &c. Of all the works of God towards man, certainly there is none hath so much wonder in it, as the sending of his Son to become man; and so it requires the exactest attention in us. Let us gather our spirits to consider of this mystery,--not to pry into the secrets of it curiously, as if we had no more to do but to satisfy our understandings; but rather that we may see what this concerns
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Torment of Fear
(First Sunday after Trinity.) 1 John iv. 16, 18. And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us. God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. Herein is our love made perfect, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment: because as he is, so are we in this world. There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear: because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in love. The text tells us how to get one of the greatest blessings;
Charles Kingsley—Town and Country Sermons

"The Fruit of the Spirit is Love"
I want to look at the fact of a life filled with the Holy Spirit more from the practical side, and to show how this life will show itself in our daily walk and conduct. Under the Old Testament you know the Holy Spirit often came upon men as a divine Spirit of revelation to reveal the mysteries of God, or for power to do the work of God. But He did not then dwell in them. Now, many just want the Old Testament gift of power for work, but know very little of the New Testament gift of the indwelling
Andrew Murray—Absolute Surrender

Scriptural Predictions of an Apostasy.
Who has not wondered, as they read of the Savior's and the apostles' warnings of "false teachers," grievous wolves, delusive powers, and deceptive lights, what it all could mean? These things certainly are not without meaning. Jesus says, "And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. And because iniquity shall abound the love of many shall wax cold. For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they
Charles Ebert Orr—The Gospel Day

The Established Christian Urged to Exert Himself for Purposes of Usefulness.
1, 2. A sincere love to God will express itself not only in devotion, but in benevolence to men.--3. This is the command of God.--4. The true Christian feels his soul wrought to a holy conformity to it.--5. And therefore will desire instruction on this head.--6. Accordingly, directions are given for the improvement of various talents: particularly genius and learning.--7. Power.--8. Domestic authority.--9. Esteem.--10. Riches.--11. Several good ways of employing them hinted at.--12, 13. Prudence
Philip Doddridge—The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul

The Manifestation of Holy Love.
"And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us." --1 John iv. 16. The question which now presents itself is: In what way is the divine, majestic act of making man a partaker of true love accomplished? We answer that this is-- 1. Prepared by the Father in Creation. 2. Made possible by the Son in Redemption. 3. Effectually accomplished by the Holy Spirit in Sanctification. There is in this respect, first a work of the Father, which the Heidelberg Catechism designates, "Of God the Father
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Love in the Triune Being of God.
"God is Love."--1 John iv. 8. Between natural love even in its highest forms and Holy Love there is a wide chasm. This had to be emphasized so that our readers might not mistake the nature of Love. Many say that God is Love, but measure His Love by the love of men. They study love's being and manifestations in others and in themselves, and then think themselves competent to judge that this human love, in a more perfect form, is the Love of God. Of course they are wrong. Essential Love must be studied
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

I May Briefly Reduce the Chief Persuading Motive to this So Needful and So Much...
I may briefly reduce the chief persuading motive to this so needful and so much desiderated grace into some three or four heads. All things within and without persuade to it, but especially the right consideration of the love of God in Christ, the wise and the impartial reflection on ourselves, the consideration of our brethren whom we are commanded to love, and the thorough inspection into the nature and use of the grace itself. In consideration of the First, a soul might argue itself into a complacency
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Dwelling in Love
"We love Him, because He first loved us."--1 John iv. 19. Mechthild of Hellfde, 1277. tr., Emma Frances Bevan, 1899 I rejoice that I cannot but love Him, Because He first loved me; I would that measureless, changeless, My love might be; A love unto death and for ever; For, soul, He died for thee. Give thanks that for thee He delighted To leave His glory on high; For thee to be humbled, forsaken, For thee to die. Wilt thou render Him love for His loving? Wilt thou die for Him who died? And so by
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen and Others (Second Series)

Whether Initial Fear Differs Substantially from Filial Fear
Whether Initial Fear Differs Substantially from Filial Fear We proceed to the eighth article thus: 1. It seems that initial fear differs substantially from filial fear. For filial fear is caused by love, whereas initial fear is the beginning of love, according to Ecclesiasticus 25:12: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of love." Initial fear is therefore other than filial fear. 2. Again, initial fear fears punishment, which is the object of servile fear. Thus it seems that initial fear is the
Aquinas—Nature and Grace

Here Some one Will Say, this is Now not to Write of virginity...
52. Here some one will say, This is now not to write of virginity, but of humility. As though truly it were any kind of virginity, and not that which is after God, which we had undertaken to set forth. And this good, by how much I see it to be great, by so much I fear for it, lest it be lost, the thief pride. Therefore there is none that guardeth the virginal good, save God Himself Who gave it: and God is Charity. [2211] The Guardian therefore of virginity is Charity: but the place of this Guardian
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

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