Historical Context:
The return of the Jewish exiles from Babylonian captivity marks a significant period in Israel's history, as prophesied by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 29:10). Under the decree of Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, the Jewish people were allowed to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple of the LORD, which had been destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC (Ezra 1:1-4). This return and rebuilding effort was led by Zerubbabel, the governor, and Jeshua (Joshua), the high priest.

Zerubbabel:
Zerubbabel, a descendant of King David, was appointed as the governor of Judah. His leadership was crucial in the restoration of the Jewish community and the rebuilding of the temple. Zerubbabel is mentioned in the genealogies of Jesus Christ, highlighting his significance in the Messianic line (Matthew 1:12-13; Luke 3:27).

Jeshua (Joshua):
Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, served as the high priest during this period. He played a vital role in the spiritual leadership of the returning exiles, ensuring that the religious practices and temple services were restored according to the Law of Moses.

Rebuilding the Altar and Temple Foundation:
Upon their return, the first task undertaken by Zerubbabel and Jeshua was the rebuilding of the altar of the God of Israel. This was essential for the resumption of sacrifices and worship (Ezra 3:2-3). The people gathered in Jerusalem during the seventh month and began offering burnt offerings to the LORD, even before the foundation of the temple was laid.

The foundation of the temple was laid amidst great celebration and worship. Ezra 3:10-11 records, "When the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, the priests stood in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites, the sons of Asaph, with cymbals, to praise the LORD, according to the ordinance of David king of Israel. And they sang responsively, praising and giving thanks to the LORD: 'For He is good, for His loving devotion to Israel endures forever.'"

Opposition and Encouragement:
The rebuilding efforts faced significant opposition from the surrounding peoples, who sought to discourage the builders and frustrate their plans (Ezra 4:1-5). Despite these challenges, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah provided encouragement and prophetic support, urging the leaders and the people to continue the work (Haggai 1:1-15; Zechariah 4:6-10).

Haggai 2:4-5 records the LORD's encouragement: "But now be strong, O Zerubbabel, declares the LORD. Be strong, O Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. Be strong, all you people of the land, declares the LORD. Work, for I am with you, declares the LORD of Hosts. This is the promise I made to you when you came out of Egypt. And My Spirit remains among you; do not be afraid."

Completion of the Temple:
The temple was eventually completed in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king of Persia (Ezra 6:15). The dedication of the temple was marked by great joy and the offering of sacrifices, as the people celebrated the faithfulness of God in restoring their place of worship.

The efforts of Zerubbabel and Jeshua in rebuilding the temple were foundational for the restoration of the Jewish community in Jerusalem and the continuation of their covenant relationship with God. Their leadership exemplifies faithfulness and perseverance in the face of adversity, serving as a testament to God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises.