In biblical literature, the white robe is a significant symbol representing purity, righteousness, and divine approval. The imagery of white garments is prevalent throughout both the Old and New Testaments, often associated with holiness and the redeemed state of believers.

Old Testament Context

While the specific term "white robe" is not frequently used in the Old Testament, the concept of white garments as a symbol of purity and righteousness is present. For instance, in Ecclesiastes 9:8, it is written, "Let your garments always be white, and never spare the oil for your head." This verse suggests a lifestyle of purity and joy, symbolized by white clothing.

New Testament Context

The New Testament provides a more explicit use of the imagery of white robes, particularly in the context of eschatological visions and the redeemed state of believers. In the Book of Revelation, white robes are frequently mentioned as a symbol of the righteousness granted to the saints through faith in Jesus Christ.

1. Revelation 3:4-5 : "But you do have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments, and because they are worthy, they will walk with Me in white. Like them, the one who is victorious will be dressed in white. I will never blot out his name from the Book of Life, but I will confess his name before My Father and His angels." Here, white garments are a reward for those who remain faithful and pure, symbolizing their worthiness and eternal life.

2. Revelation 7:9, 13-14 : "After this I looked and saw a multitude too large to count, from every nation and tribe and people and tongue, standing before the throne and before the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands... Then one of the elders addressed me: 'These in white robes,' he asked, 'who are they, and where have they come from?' So I replied, 'Sir, you know.' And he told me, 'These are the ones who have come out of the great tribulation; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.'" This passage highlights the redemptive work of Christ, where the white robes signify the cleansing and sanctification of believers through His sacrifice.

3. Revelation 19:8 : "She was given clothing of fine linen, bright and pure. For the fine linen she wears is the righteous acts of the saints." The white linen here represents the righteous deeds of the saints, made possible through their faith and the grace of God.

Symbolism and Theological Significance

The white robe serves as a powerful symbol of the believer's transformation and sanctification. It represents the imputed righteousness of Christ, which covers the believer, making them acceptable before God. The imagery of white garments also points to the future hope of glorification, where believers will stand before God, purified and holy.

In the broader biblical narrative, the white robe underscores the call to live a life of holiness and purity, reflecting the character of Christ. It serves as a reminder of the believer's identity in Christ and the promise of eternal life with Him.