War, as depicted in the Bible, is a significant theme that reflects both the physical and spiritual battles faced by the people of God. Throughout the Scriptures, war is often portrayed as a means by which God executes judgment, delivers His people, or tests their faithfulness.

In the Old Testament, war is frequently seen in the context of the Israelites' conquest of the Promised Land. The Book of Joshua details the military campaigns led by Joshua, where God commands the Israelites to take possession of Canaan. In Joshua 1:9, God encourages Joshua, saying, "Have I not commanded you to be strong and courageous? Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God will be with you wherever you go." This assurance underscores the belief that God is actively involved in the battles of His people.

The concept of holy war is also evident in the instructions given to the Israelites regarding the complete destruction of certain nations, as seen in Deuteronomy 20:16-18. These commands are often understood as God's judgment against the wickedness of those nations and a means to protect Israel from idolatry and moral corruption.

In the New Testament, the focus shifts from physical warfare to spiritual warfare. Ephesians 6:12 emphasizes this transition: "For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this world's darkness, and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms." Believers are called to put on the full armor of God to stand firm against these spiritual adversaries.

The Bible also addresses the ethical dimensions of war. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches about peacemaking and loving one's enemies (Matthew 5:9, 44). These teachings highlight the tension between the reality of war and the call to live as peacemakers in a fallen world.

Tribute

Tribute in the Bible refers to a payment made by one nation or group to another, often as a sign of submission or allegiance. This concept is prevalent in both the Old and New Testaments and serves as a reflection of political and economic relationships.

In the Old Testament, tribute is frequently mentioned in the context of Israel's interactions with surrounding nations. For instance, during the reign of King Solomon, Israel received tribute from various nations, indicating Solomon's influence and the prosperity of his kingdom (1 Kings 10:25). Conversely, when Israel was subjugated by foreign powers, they were often required to pay tribute as a sign of their subservience, as seen in 2 Kings 17:3, where Hoshea, king of Israel, paid tribute to the Assyrian king.

The New Testament also addresses the issue of tribute, particularly in the context of Roman rule over Judea. In Matthew 22:17-21, the Pharisees and Herodians attempt to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar. Jesus responds by saying, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." This statement underscores the principle of fulfilling civic duties while maintaining ultimate allegiance to God.

Tribute, in its broader sense, can also be understood as a metaphor for the believer's duty to honor God with their lives. Romans 12:1 urges believers to present their bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God, which is their spiritual act of worship. This call to offer oneself to God reflects the ultimate tribute that transcends earthly obligations.

Throughout the Bible, the themes of war and tribute are intertwined with the sovereignty of God, the faithfulness of His people, and the unfolding of His redemptive plan.