The Upper and Lower Springs are mentioned in the context of the inheritance of Caleb's daughter, Achsah, in the Old Testament. These springs are significant in the narrative of the division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel, specifically within the tribe of Judah.

Biblical References:

The primary references to the Upper and Lower Springs are found in the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges. In Joshua 15:18-19 , the text states:

"When Achsah arrived, she urged Othniel to ask her father for a field. As she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, 'What do you desire?' 'Give me a blessing,' she replied. 'Since you have given me land in the Negev, give me also springs of water.' So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs."

Similarly, Judges 1:14-15 recounts:

"One day when she came to Othniel, she urged him to ask her father for a field. When she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, 'What do you desire?' 'Give me a blessing,' she replied. 'Since you have given me land in the Negev, give me also springs of water.' So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs."

Historical and Geographical Context:

The narrative takes place during the period of the conquest and settlement of Canaan. Caleb, a prominent figure from the tribe of Judah, was one of the two faithful spies who encouraged Israel to trust in God's promise to give them the land (Numbers 13-14). As a reward for his faithfulness, Caleb was granted the region of Hebron and its surrounding areas (Joshua 14:13-14).

The Negev, where Achsah's land was located, is a semi-arid region in the southern part of Israel. Water sources were crucial for survival and prosperity in such an environment. The Upper and Lower Springs provided a vital resource for agriculture and daily life, making them a valuable inheritance.

Theological Significance:

The account of Achsah and the springs highlights several theological themes. First, it underscores the importance of faith and obedience in receiving God's promises. Caleb's faithfulness resulted in a tangible blessing for his family. Second, the narrative illustrates the role of women in biblical history. Achsah's assertiveness in securing a blessing for her family demonstrates her wisdom and resourcefulness.

Additionally, the account reflects the broader biblical theme of God's provision. Just as Caleb provided for his daughter, God provides for His people, often in unexpected ways. The springs symbolize the sustenance and refreshment that come from God's hand, echoing the spiritual truth that God is the source of living water (John 4:10-14).

Cultural and Literary Aspects:

The request for the springs is a culturally significant act. In ancient Near Eastern societies, the transfer of land and resources often involved negotiations and familial relationships. Achsah's approach to her father and her subsequent blessing reflect the customs and values of the time.

Literarily, the repetition of this account in both Joshua and Judges emphasizes its importance. It serves as a narrative bridge between the conquest of the land and the ongoing settlement and challenges faced by the Israelites. The springs, therefore, are not just physical locations but also narrative symbols of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to His people.