Definition and Etymology:
The term "Hosanna" is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity, derived from the Hebrew phrase "הושיעה נא" (Hoshia Na), which means "Save, please" or "Save now." Over time, it evolved into an expression of praise and adoration, particularly in the context of worship.

Biblical Usage:
"Hosanna" is prominently featured in the New Testament during the Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, an event celebrated on Palm Sunday. The crowds greeted Jesus with shouts of "Hosanna," recognizing Him as the promised Messiah and King. This event is recorded in all four Gospels, highlighting its significance.

· Matthew 21:9 : "The crowds that went ahead of Him and those that followed were shouting: 'Hosanna to the Son of David!' 'Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' 'Hosanna in the highest!'"
· Mark 11:9-10 : "The ones who went ahead and those who followed were shouting: 'Hosanna!' 'Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' 'Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David!' 'Hosanna in the highest!'"
· John 12:13 : "They took palm branches and went out to meet Him, shouting: 'Hosanna!' 'Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' 'Blessed is the King of Israel!'"

Theological Significance:
In the context of the Triumphal Entry, "Hosanna" is both a plea for salvation and a declaration of praise. The crowd's use of "Hosanna" reflects their recognition of Jesus as the Messiah, the one who comes to save. The phrase "Hosanna to the Son of David" acknowledges Jesus' royal lineage and His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Davidic Messiah.

Old Testament Roots:
The roots of "Hosanna" can be traced back to Psalm 118:25-26, a part of the Hallel, a series of psalms (113-118) sung during Jewish festivals. Psalm 118:25 states, "O LORD, save us, we pray. We beseech You, O LORD, cause us to prosper!" This plea for salvation became associated with the anticipation of the Messiah's coming.

Liturgical Use:
In Christian liturgy, "Hosanna" is often used during Palm Sunday services to commemorate Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. It is also a part of the Sanctus, a hymn of praise sung during the Eucharistic prayer in many Christian traditions, reflecting the heavenly worship described in Isaiah 6:3 and Revelation 4:8.

Cultural and Historical Context:
The use of "Hosanna" during Jesus' entry into Jerusalem was a politically charged act. The Jewish people were under Roman occupation, and the hope for a Messiah who would deliver them from oppression was fervent. By shouting "Hosanna," the crowd expressed their longing for liberation and their belief that Jesus was the one who would bring it.

Interpretation in Christian Theology:
For Christians, "Hosanna" is a reminder of Jesus' role as Savior and King. It encapsulates the dual nature of Christ's mission: to bring spiritual salvation through His death and resurrection and to establish His kingdom. The cry of "Hosanna" is both a historical acknowledgment of Jesus' messianic identity and a present-day expression of faith in His saving power.