Topical Bible: the First Temple was Three Score Cubits Longs, Twenty Broad, and Thirty High

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Topical Encyclopedia

The First Temple, also known as Solomon's Temple, holds a significant place in biblical history as the central place of worship for the Israelites. Constructed under the reign of King Solomon, the temple was a monumental achievement in ancient architecture and a focal point for the religious life of the nation of Israel.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the First Temple are explicitly detailed in the Scriptures, providing insight into its grandeur and design. According to 1 Kings 6:2 , "The temple that King Solomon built for the LORD was sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high." These measurements translate to approximately 90 feet in length, 30 feet in width, and 45 feet in height, assuming a cubit is about 18 inches. This rectangular structure was designed to reflect the majesty and holiness of God, serving as a physical representation of His presence among His people.

Architectural Features

The temple's design was intricate and symbolic, incorporating various elements that held religious significance. The interior was divided into several key areas, including the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place (or Holy of Holies), where the Ark of the Covenant was housed. The temple was adorned with gold, cedar wood, and fine stones, emphasizing its sacred purpose and the wealth of Solomon's kingdom.

1 Kings 6:7 notes the care taken in its construction: "The temple was constructed using finished stones cut at the quarry, so that no hammer or chisel or any other iron tool was heard in the temple while it was being built." This detail underscores the reverence and sanctity associated with the temple's construction.

Religious Significance

The First Temple served as the primary location for the Israelites' sacrificial system and religious festivals. It was the center of Jewish worship and the place where God's presence dwelt among His people. The temple's dedication is recorded in 1 Kings 8, where Solomon offers a prayer of dedication, and the glory of the LORD fills the temple, signifying His approval and presence.

The temple also played a crucial role in the covenant relationship between God and Israel. It was a place where the Israelites could seek forgiveness, offer sacrifices, and celebrate their deliverance and blessings. The temple's existence was a constant reminder of God's promises and His desire to dwell with His people.

Historical Context

The construction of the First Temple marked a significant period in Israel's history, symbolizing the transition from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled, centralized nation under a monarchy. It was built during a time of peace and prosperity, allowing Solomon to focus on this grand project without the distractions of war.

However, the temple's history is also marked by periods of neglect and desecration, reflecting the spiritual state of the nation. The eventual destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians in 586 BC was a pivotal event, leading to the Babylonian exile and a period of reflection and repentance for the Israelites.

Legacy

The First Temple's legacy endures as a symbol of God's covenant with Israel and His desire to dwell among His people. Its dimensions and design continue to be studied and revered, offering insights into the religious and cultural life of ancient Israel. The temple's significance is further highlighted in biblical prophecy and eschatology, pointing to a future hope of restoration and divine presence.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

1 Kings 6:2
And the house which king Solomon built for the LORD, the length thereof was three score cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

2 Chronicles 3:3
Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first measure was three score cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits.
Torrey's Topical Textbook