Topical Bible: The Armies of Israel: Persons Exempted from Serving in Who Were Lately Betrothed

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Topical Encyclopedia

In the ancient Israelite society, military service was a significant duty for the men of Israel, as they were called to defend their nation and uphold the covenantal promises given by God. However, the Mosaic Law, as outlined in the Torah, provided specific exemptions for certain individuals from military service. Among these exemptions were men who were recently betrothed.

The primary scriptural basis for this exemption is found in the Book of Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy 20:7 states: "Has any man become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him go back to his house, lest he die in battle and another man marry her." This provision reflects the importance of family and the continuation of one's lineage within the Israelite community. The exemption allowed a betrothed man to marry and establish his household before fulfilling his military obligations.

The betrothal period in ancient Israel was a legally binding engagement, often lasting about a year, during which the couple was considered husband and wife in many respects, though they had not yet consummated the marriage. This period was crucial for the establishment of a stable family unit, which was foundational to the social and religious fabric of Israelite life.

The exemption for the betrothed man underscores the value placed on marriage and family in Israelite society. It ensured that a man could fulfill his personal and familial responsibilities before taking on the communal duty of military service. This provision also highlights the compassionate nature of the Law, recognizing the emotional and social implications of a man going to war without having secured his family’s future.

Furthermore, this exemption can be seen as a reflection of the broader biblical principle that God is concerned with the well-being of individuals and families. By allowing the betrothed man to return home, the Law provided a safeguard for the continuity of family lines and the preservation of personal happiness and stability.

In the context of Israel's covenant relationship with God, the exemption for the betrothed man also served a theological purpose. It emphasized that the strength of Israel was not solely dependent on military might but on adherence to God's commandments and the maintenance of a righteous and orderly society. The well-being of families was integral to the nation's spiritual health and its ability to fulfill its divine mission.

Overall, the exemption for those who were lately betrothed reflects the intricate balance between individual rights and communal responsibilities in the biblical legal system. It illustrates the priority given to family life and the compassionate application of the Law in the lives of the people of Israel.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Deuteronomy 20:7
And what man is there that has betrothed a wife, and has not taken her? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.
Torrey's Topical Textbook