Turtledoves and young pigeons hold significant roles in the biblical narrative, particularly within the context of sacrificial offerings. These birds are frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as acceptable offerings to the Lord, especially for those who could not afford more costly sacrifices such as lambs or bulls.

Biblical References and Sacrificial Use

In the Mosaic Law, turtledoves and young pigeons are specified as acceptable offerings for various types of sacrifices. Leviticus 1:14 states, "If, however, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon." This provision underscores God's accommodation for the poor, allowing them to participate in the sacrificial system.

The use of these birds is further detailed in Leviticus 5:7, where they are prescribed for sin offerings: "If, however, he cannot afford a lamb, he may bring to the LORD as restitution for his sin two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering." This passage highlights the accessibility of atonement for all Israelites, regardless of economic status.

In Leviticus 12:8, turtledoves and young pigeons are also mentioned in the context of purification after childbirth: "But if she cannot afford a lamb, she may bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. Then the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean." This offering was notably brought by Mary, the mother of Jesus, as recorded in Luke 2:24, indicating her humble status.

Symbolism and Significance

Turtledoves and young pigeons symbolize purity, innocence, and humility. Their use in sacrifices reflects the broader biblical theme of God's provision and care for the marginalized and the poor. The birds' gentle nature and the mournful cooing of the turtledove have also been associated with themes of love and longing, as seen in Song of Solomon 2:12: "The flowers have appeared in the countryside; the season of singing has come, and the cooing of turtledoves is heard in our land."

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the offering of turtledoves and young pigeons is most prominently mentioned in the account of Jesus' presentation at the temple. Luke 2:22-24 records, "And when the days of their purification were completed according to the Law of Moses, Joseph and Mary brought Him to Jerusalem to present Him to the Lord... and to offer the sacrifice specified in the Law of the Lord: 'A pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.'" This event underscores the continuity of Jesus' life with the traditions and laws of Israel, while also highlighting the humble circumstances of His earthly family.

Conclusion

Throughout the Bible, turtledoves and young pigeons serve as a testament to God's inclusive covenant with His people, allowing even the poorest to participate in the sacrificial system. Their presence in both the Old and New Testaments underscores the themes of humility, purity, and divine provision.