In the biblical context, the practice of anointing oneself with oil is a multifaceted symbol that appears throughout Scripture. It is often associated with joy, celebration, and the consecration of individuals for specific roles or tasks. However, the phrase "those who anoint themselves with the finest oils" is notably mentioned in a context of critique and warning, particularly in the prophetic literature.

Biblical Reference:

The primary reference to this phrase is found in the book of Amos, where the prophet Amos delivers a message of judgment against the complacent and self-indulgent elite of Israel. Amos 6:6 states, "You drink wine by the bowlful and anoint yourselves with the finest oils, but you do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph." Here, the anointing with fine oils is depicted as part of a lifestyle of excess and indifference to the suffering and moral decay of the nation.

Cultural and Historical Context:

In ancient Israel, anointing with oil was a common practice with both practical and symbolic significance. Oils were used for personal grooming and health, as well as in religious rituals. The use of "finest oils" suggests a level of luxury and wealth, indicating that those who could afford such oils were likely part of the upper echelons of society. This practice, in itself, was not condemned; rather, it was the attitude and neglect of justice and righteousness that accompanied it which drew the prophet's ire.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, the critique of anointing with the finest oils in Amos highlights the danger of prioritizing personal comfort and luxury over spiritual and communal responsibilities. The prophets consistently called Israel to a covenantal faithfulness that included justice, mercy, and humility before God. The self-indulgence criticized by Amos reflects a broader theme in Scripture where material wealth and comfort can lead to spiritual complacency and a neglect of God's commands.

Symbolism and Spiritual Lessons:

Anointing with oil, in a positive sense, is often associated with the Holy Spirit, healing, and the setting apart of individuals for God's purposes, as seen in the anointing of kings and priests (e.g., 1 Samuel 16:13, Exodus 30:30). However, when this practice is divorced from its spiritual significance and becomes merely a symbol of opulence, it serves as a warning against the idolatry of wealth and the neglect of one's duty to God and neighbor.

Contemporary Application:

In contemporary Christian thought, the message of Amos remains relevant as a caution against the excesses of materialism and the neglect of social justice. Believers are encouraged to examine their own lives for areas where comfort and luxury may overshadow their commitment to God's kingdom values. The call is to live with a heart attuned to the needs of others and to prioritize spiritual richness over material wealth.

Conclusion:

The biblical critique of those who anoint themselves with the finest oils serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of aligning one's life with God's priorities. It challenges believers to live with integrity, compassion, and a focus on the eternal rather than the temporal.