Biblical Reference:
The event of the sun standing still is recorded in the Book of Joshua, specifically in Joshua 10:12-14. This miraculous occurrence took place during the conquest of Canaan, as the Israelites, led by Joshua, fought against the Amorite kings.

Context and Background:
The Israelites, under Joshua's leadership, were engaged in a campaign to conquer the land of Canaan, as commanded by God. The Gibeonites, having made a treaty with Israel, were attacked by a coalition of five Amorite kings. In response, Joshua led the Israelite army on an all-night march from Gilgal to Gibeon to defend their allies.

The Miracle Described:
As the battle ensued, Joshua prayed to the LORD in the presence of Israel, asking for the sun to stand still over Gibeon and the moon over the Valley of Aijalon. The Berean Standard Bible records Joshua's words in Joshua 10:12-13:
"On the day the LORD gave the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua spoke to the LORD in the presence of Israel: 'O sun, stand still over Gibeon, O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon.' So the sun stood still and the moon stopped until the nation took vengeance upon its enemies."

The text continues to describe how the sun halted in the sky, prolonging the day until the Israelites achieved victory. This extraordinary event is noted as unparalleled, with Joshua 10:14 stating:
"There has been no day like it before or since, when the LORD listened to the voice of a man, because the LORD fought for Israel."

Theological Significance:
The event of the sun standing still is a testament to God's sovereignty and His direct intervention in the affairs of His people. It underscores the power of prayer and the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises to Israel. The miracle demonstrates God's control over creation, affirming His ability to alter natural laws to accomplish His divine purposes.

Historical and Scientific Considerations:
From a historical perspective, the account of the sun standing still has been a subject of much discussion and debate. Some scholars propose that the event may have been a poetic description or a symbolic representation of God's intervention. Others suggest that it could have been a literal miracle, emphasizing God's omnipotence.

In terms of scientific inquiry, the event challenges naturalistic explanations, as it defies the known laws of physics and astronomy. Conservative Christian interpretations often accept the account as a literal historical event, emphasizing faith in the biblical narrative and the supernatural power of God.

Cultural and Literary Aspects:
The narrative of the sun standing still is a powerful literary element within the conquest narrative, highlighting the theme of divine assistance in Israel's battles. It serves as a reminder of God's covenant relationship with His people and His commitment to their success in the Promised Land.

Conclusion:
The account of the sun standing still remains a profound example of God's miraculous intervention in history, illustrating His authority over creation and His unwavering support for His chosen people.