The Sons of Aaron hold a significant place in biblical history as the first priests of Israel, appointed by God to serve in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple. Aaron, the brother of Moses, was chosen by God to be the first high priest, and his sons were consecrated to assist him in the priestly duties. The primary biblical references to the Sons of Aaron are found in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers.

Names and Roles

The Sons of Aaron were Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. Each of these sons was consecrated to serve as priests alongside their father. In Exodus 28:1 , God commands Moses, "Have your brother Aaron, with his sons, come to you from among the Israelites to serve Me as priests—Aaron and his sons Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar."

Nadab and Abihu

Nadab and Abihu, the two eldest sons, are known for their tragic disobedience. In Leviticus 10:1-2 , it is recorded, "Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers, put fire in them, and added incense; and they offered unauthorized fire before the LORD, contrary to His command. So fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the LORD." This incident underscores the holiness required in the service of God and the severe consequences of disobedience.

Eleazar and Ithamar

After the death of Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar continued in their priestly roles. Eleazar, the third son, eventually succeeded Aaron as high priest. Numbers 20:25-28 describes the transition: "Take Aaron and his son Eleazar and bring them up Mount Hor. Then strip Aaron of his garments and put them on his son Eleazar. Aaron will be gathered to his people and will die there." Eleazar played a crucial role in the priesthood, including overseeing the offerings and maintaining the sacred duties.

Ithamar, the youngest son, also served faithfully. He was responsible for the oversight of the tabernacle's construction and the management of its services, as noted in Exodus 38:21 : "This is the inventory of the tabernacle, the tabernacle of the testimony, as recorded at Moses’ command by the Levites under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest."

Priestly Lineage and Legacy

The priestly lineage continued through Eleazar and Ithamar. Eleazar's descendants included Phinehas, who is noted for his zealousness for God's holiness (Numbers 25:11-13). The priestly line through Eleazar continued to serve in significant roles throughout Israel's history, including during the time of the Judges and the monarchy.

Ithamar's line also held important positions, although it is less prominently featured in the biblical narrative. The division of priestly duties between the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 24, where King David organizes the priesthood into divisions for temple service.

Significance in Israel's Worship

The Sons of Aaron were integral to the establishment of Israel's worship system. They were responsible for offering sacrifices, maintaining the tabernacle, and teaching the people the laws of God. Their role as mediators between God and the Israelites was a foreshadowing of the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who would offer Himself as the perfect sacrifice for sin.

The legacy of the Sons of Aaron is a testament to the importance of obedience, holiness, and dedication in the service of God. Their account serves as a reminder of the sacred responsibility entrusted to those who serve in spiritual leadership.