The role of priests in worship is a central theme throughout the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament, where the priesthood is established as a vital component of Israelite religious life. Priests served as mediators between God and the people, performing sacred rituals, offering sacrifices, and maintaining the sanctity of the worship practices as prescribed by the Mosaic Law.

Old Testament Foundations

The priesthood was instituted by God through Moses, with Aaron and his descendants appointed as the first priests (Exodus 28:1). The primary function of the priests was to serve in the Tabernacle, and later in the Temple, where they conducted various offerings and sacrifices. Leviticus 9:7 states, "Then Moses said to Aaron, 'Approach the altar and present your sin offering and your burnt offering, making atonement for yourself and the people.'"

Priests were responsible for teaching the Law to the Israelites, as seen in Leviticus 10:11 : "You must teach the Israelites all the statutes that the LORD has given them through Moses." This educational role was crucial in ensuring that the people understood and adhered to God's commandments.

Sacrificial System

Central to the priestly duties was the sacrificial system, which included burnt offerings, grain offerings, peace offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings (Leviticus 1-7). These sacrifices were essential for atonement, thanksgiving, and maintaining a covenant relationship with God. The Day of Atonement, described in Leviticus 16, was a significant annual event where the high priest entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the sins of the nation.

Priestly Garments and Holiness

The priests were required to wear specific garments that symbolized their holy status and set them apart for service (Exodus 28:2-4). These garments included the ephod, breastplate, robe, tunic, turban, and sash, each with symbolic significance. The holiness of the priests was paramount, as they were to be consecrated and pure, reflecting the holiness of God Himself (Leviticus 21:6).

Intercessory Role

Priests also served as intercessors, praying on behalf of the people and seeking God's favor. Numbers 6:23-27 records the priestly blessing: "The LORD bless you and keep you; the LORD make His face shine upon you and be gracious to you; the LORD lift up His countenance upon you and give you peace."

Transition to the New Testament

In the New Testament, the role of the priesthood is transformed through the person and work of Jesus Christ, who is described as the ultimate High Priest. Hebrews 4:14-16 states, "Therefore, since we have such a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess." Jesus' sacrificial death and resurrection fulfilled the Old Testament sacrificial system, rendering the need for continual animal sacrifices obsolete.

Priesthood of All Believers

The New Testament introduces the concept of the "priesthood of all believers," where every Christian has direct access to God through Jesus Christ. 1 Peter 2:9 declares, "But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light."

In summary, the role of priests in worship was foundational in the Old Testament, serving as mediators, teachers, and intercessors. With the advent of Christ, the priesthood was redefined, emphasizing the direct relationship between believers and God, while still acknowledging the historical significance of the priestly office.