Introduction

The concept of righteousness is central to the Christian faith, yet it is often misunderstood both within and outside the church. Righteousness, as depicted in the Bible, is not merely a set of moral behaviors or adherence to the law, but a state of being that aligns with God's will and character. This entry explores the biblical understanding of righteousness, the common misconceptions surrounding it, and the implications of these misunderstandings.

Biblical Definition of Righteousness

In the Bible, righteousness is primarily understood as being in right standing with God. It is both a legal and relational term, signifying a person's alignment with God's standards and their relationship with Him. The Berean Standard Bible frequently uses the term to describe those who live according to God's commandments and who are justified by faith.

For instance, Genesis 15:6 states, "Abram believed the LORD, and it was credited to him as righteousness." This verse highlights that righteousness is not earned by works but is credited through faith. Similarly, in Romans 3:22 , Paul writes, "And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe."

Misunderstandings of Righteousness

1. Legalism and Self-Righteousness

One common misunderstanding is equating righteousness with legalism or self-righteousness. Legalism emphasizes strict adherence to the law as a means of achieving righteousness. However, the Bible warns against this approach. In Matthew 23:27-28 , Jesus rebukes the Pharisees, saying, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity. In the same way, on the outside you appear to be righteous, but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness."

2. Moral Relativism

Another misunderstanding is the belief that righteousness is subjective and can be defined by individual or cultural standards. This view contradicts the biblical teaching that righteousness is based on God's unchanging nature and His revealed Word. Isaiah 5:20 warns, "Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness into light and light into darkness, who replace bitter with sweet and sweet with bitter."

3. Righteousness as a Means to an End

Some perceive righteousness as a means to gain favor or blessings from God, rather than as a response to His grace. This transactional view reduces righteousness to a tool for personal gain, rather than a reflection of a transformed heart. In Matthew 6:33 , Jesus instructs, "But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you." Here, righteousness is presented as a priority in the believer's life, not a bargaining chip.

The Role of Christ in Righteousness

Central to the Christian understanding of righteousness is the role of Jesus Christ. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Christ fulfilled the righteous requirements of the law on behalf of humanity. 2 Corinthians 5:21 declares, "God made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God." This imputed righteousness is a gift received by faith, not by works, underscoring the grace of God in salvation.

Living Out Righteousness

Believers are called to live out the righteousness they have received in Christ. This involves a transformation of character and conduct, empowered by the Holy Spirit. Ephesians 4:24 exhorts, "And to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness." This new life is marked by love, justice, and mercy, reflecting the character of God to the world.

Conclusion

The reality of misunderstood righteousness is a significant issue within the Christian faith. By returning to the biblical definition and understanding of righteousness, believers can avoid the pitfalls of legalism, moral relativism, and transactional faith, and instead embrace a life that truly reflects the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ.