The Men of Succoth are mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the Book of Judges, as inhabitants of the city of Succoth, which was located east of the Jordan River. Succoth is historically significant as one of the first encampments of the Israelites after they left Egypt (Exodus 12:37; 13:20). The name "Succoth" means "booths" or "temporary shelters," reflecting its role as a place of rest and transition.

Biblical Account:

The primary biblical narrative involving the Men of Succoth is found in Judges 8. During the time of the Judges, Gideon, a judge of Israel, was pursuing the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna after a decisive victory over their forces. As Gideon and his 300 men were exhausted and in need of provisions, they approached the Men of Succoth for assistance.

Judges 8:5-6 records the encounter: "So he said to the men of Succoth, 'Please give some loaves of bread to the troops who are following me, for they are exhausted, and I am pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.' But the leaders of Succoth replied, 'Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your possession, that we should give bread to your army?'"

The refusal of the Men of Succoth to aid Gideon and his men was seen as a lack of faith and support for God's chosen deliverer. Their response indicated skepticism about Gideon's ability to capture the Midianite kings and a reluctance to risk their own safety by aiding him.

Consequences:

Gideon vowed to return and punish the Men of Succoth for their refusal. Judges 8:7 states, "Very well, Gideon replied, 'When the LORD has delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, I will tear your flesh with thorns and briers from the wilderness.'"

After successfully capturing Zebah and Zalmunna, Gideon returned to Succoth to fulfill his promise. Judges 8:16 describes the retribution: "Then he took the elders of the city and taught the men of Succoth a lesson by punishing them with thorns and briers from the wilderness."

Historical and Theological Significance:

The account of the Men of Succoth serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of faith and support for God's appointed leaders. Their refusal to assist Gideon highlights the broader theme of Israel's struggle with faithfulness and unity during the period of the Judges. The narrative underscores the consequences of failing to recognize and support God's deliverance through His chosen instruments.

Theologically, the account reflects the principle that God's purposes will prevail, often through unexpected means and individuals. It also illustrates the importance of communal responsibility and the consequences of failing to act in accordance with God's will.

Location and Archaeology:

Succoth's exact location is debated among scholars, but it is generally believed to have been situated in the region of the Jordan Valley, possibly near the Jabbok River. Archaeological evidence in the area is limited, but the historical and geographical context provided in the biblical narrative aligns with known locations east of the Jordan.

In summary, the Men of Succoth are remembered for their lack of support for Gideon during a critical moment in Israel's history. Their account serves as a reminder of the importance of faith, unity, and obedience to God's direction.