The "Log of Olive Oil" is a term found in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Leviticus, which refers to a specific measurement of olive oil used in various ceremonial and purification rites. The log is an ancient Hebrew unit of liquid measure, approximately equivalent to about one-third of a liter or a little more than a third of a quart.

Biblical Context and Usage

The primary biblical reference to the log of olive oil is found in Leviticus 14, which details the purification process for a person healed of a skin disease, often translated as leprosy. The ritual underscores the importance of ceremonial cleanliness and the restoration of the individual into the community and worship life of Israel.

In Leviticus 14:10, the text specifies: "On the eighth day he must bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished year-old ewe lamb, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil."

The log of olive oil is used in several parts of the purification ritual:

1. Anointing and Atonement: The priest uses the oil as part of the anointing process. Leviticus 14:15-18 describes how the priest is to take some of the log of oil and pour it into his left palm. He then dips his right finger into the oil and sprinkles it seven times before the LORD. The priest also applies some of the oil to the right earlobe, thumb, and big toe of the person being purified, symbolizing the cleansing and consecration of the individual's hearing, actions, and walk.

2. Symbol of the Holy Spirit: In the broader biblical narrative, olive oil often symbolizes the Holy Spirit, anointing, and consecration. The use of oil in the purification ritual can be seen as a foreshadowing of the work of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer, cleansing and setting apart for God's purposes.

3. Restoration and Reconciliation: The ritual involving the log of olive oil signifies the restoration of the individual to both God and the community. It highlights the comprehensive nature of God's redemption, addressing physical, spiritual, and communal aspects of life.

Theological Significance

The use of the log of olive oil in Levitical law reflects the meticulous nature of Old Testament ceremonial practices, which were designed to teach Israel about holiness, sin, and the need for atonement. The detailed instructions underscore the seriousness with which God views sin and impurity, as well as His provision for cleansing and restoration.

The log of olive oil, as part of the purification rites, points to the greater reality of Christ's atoning work. Just as the oil was applied to cleanse and consecrate, so the blood of Christ cleanses believers from sin and sets them apart for service to God. The ritual serves as a shadow of the ultimate purification and reconciliation accomplished through Jesus Christ.

Cultural and Historical Insights

In ancient Israel, olive oil was a valuable commodity, used not only in religious rituals but also in daily life for cooking, lighting, and medicinal purposes. The specific measurement of a log indicates the precision and care with which God instructed His people to approach Him, reflecting the order and intentionality of worship in the tabernacle and later in the temple.

The log of olive oil, therefore, is more than a mere measurement; it is a symbol of God's provision and the means by which His people could experience His presence and favor. Through the lens of the New Testament, it serves as a reminder of the richness of God's grace and the depth of His desire for a holy people.