Introduction:
In biblical times, lamps were essential for daily life, providing light in homes, places of worship, and during travel. They hold significant symbolic meaning throughout Scripture, representing guidance, the presence of God, and the light of truth. This entry explores the various uses and symbolic meanings of lamps in the Bible.

Physical Description and Use:
Lamps in biblical times were typically small, handheld vessels made of clay or metal, designed to hold oil, usually olive oil, with a wick made of flax or other fibers. These lamps were used to illuminate homes, streets, and sacred spaces. The design allowed for portability, making them practical for use in various settings.

Old Testament References:
Lamps are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament, often in the context of worship and divine presence. In the Tabernacle and later the Temple, the golden lampstand, or menorah, held a central place. Exodus 25:31-40 describes the construction of the menorah, which was to be made of pure gold with seven branches. It symbolized the light of God's presence among His people.

In 1 Samuel 3:3, the lamp of God in the Tabernacle is mentioned as still burning when the Lord called Samuel, indicating the continuity of God's presence and revelation. Proverbs 6:23 states, "For this commandment is a lamp, this teaching is a light, and the reproofs of discipline are the way to life," highlighting the lamp as a metaphor for divine guidance and wisdom.

New Testament References:
In the New Testament, lamps continue to symbolize spiritual truths. Jesus uses the imagery of lamps in His teachings. In Matthew 5:14-16, He tells His followers, "You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden. Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a basket. Instead, they set it on a stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house." Here, the lamp represents the witness of believers, who are to shine forth the light of Christ in a dark world.

The parable of the ten virgins in Matthew 25:1-13 uses lamps to illustrate readiness for the coming of the bridegroom, symbolizing Christ's return. The wise virgins have their lamps filled with oil, representing spiritual preparedness and vigilance.

Symbolic Meaning:
Lamps in the Bible often symbolize God's Word, guidance, and truth. Psalm 119:105 declares, "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path," emphasizing the illuminating power of Scripture in guiding believers through life. The lamp also represents the presence of the Holy Spirit, as seen in the imagery of the seven lamps of fire before the throne in Revelation 4:5, which are described as the seven Spirits of God.

Conclusion:
Throughout Scripture, lamps serve both practical and symbolic purposes. They illuminate physical spaces and represent spiritual truths, such as God's presence, guidance, and the call for believers to be a light in the world. The consistent imagery of lamps underscores the importance of light in both the physical and spiritual realms, pointing to the ultimate light, Jesus Christ, who declared, "I am the light of the world" (John 8:12).