The migration of the Israelites to Egypt is a pivotal event in biblical history, marking the beginning of a significant period in the life of the Hebrew people. This migration is primarily documented in the Book of Genesis, chapters 37 through 50, and sets the stage for the subsequent Exodus narrative.

Background and Context

The account begins with Joseph, the eleventh son of Jacob (also known as Israel) and the firstborn of Rachel. Joseph's journey to Egypt was initiated by the jealousy and betrayal of his brothers, who sold him into slavery. Despite his hardships, Joseph rose to prominence in Egypt, becoming the second most powerful man after Pharaoh due to his God-given ability to interpret dreams. This ability allowed him to foresee and prepare for a severe famine that would affect the entire region.

The Famine and Joseph's Rise to Power

Genesis 41:39-40 records Pharaoh's acknowledgment of Joseph's wisdom: "Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one as discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my house, and all my people are to obey your commands. Only with regard to the throne will I be greater than you.'"

Joseph's strategic management during the seven years of plenty ensured that Egypt had ample reserves during the subsequent seven years of famine. This famine extended beyond Egypt, affecting Canaan, where Jacob and his family resided.

The Migration to Egypt

The famine forced Jacob to send his sons to Egypt to buy grain. Unbeknownst to them, they were dealing with their brother Joseph, whom they had not recognized. After a series of tests to ascertain their character and repentance, Joseph revealed his identity to his brothers. In Genesis 45:4-5 , Joseph reassures them: "Then Joseph said to his brothers, 'Please come near me.' And they did so. 'I am Joseph, your brother,' he said, 'the one you sold into Egypt! And now, do not be distressed or angry with yourselves that you sold me into this place, because it was to save lives that God sent me before you.'"

Joseph invited his father Jacob and the entire family to settle in Egypt to survive the remaining years of famine. Pharaoh himself extended an invitation, offering them the best of the land. Genesis 46:3-4 records God's reassurance to Jacob: "I am God, the God of your father,' He said. 'Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there. I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will surely bring you back again. And Joseph’s own hand will close your eyes.'"

Settlement in Goshen

Jacob and his family, numbering seventy persons, migrated to Egypt and settled in the region of Goshen, as described in Genesis 46:27 . This area was well-suited for their pastoral lifestyle and allowed them to thrive. The Israelites' presence in Egypt was initially marked by favor and prosperity under Joseph's administration.

Significance

The migration to Egypt was a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a land not their own, where they would be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years (Genesis 15:13). This event set the stage for the eventual enslavement of the Israelites and their miraculous deliverance, which would become a central theme in the narrative of God's redemptive plan for His chosen people.

The Israelites' migration to Egypt is a testament to God's sovereignty and providence, demonstrating how He orchestrates events to fulfill His purposes and promises.