The incense recipe, as detailed in the Bible, holds significant liturgical and symbolic importance within the context of ancient Israelite worship. The specific formula for the sacred incense is found in the Book of Exodus, where it is described as a holy offering to the Lord, to be used exclusively in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple.

Biblical Reference:

The primary biblical reference for the incense recipe is found in Exodus 30:34-38 :

"Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Take fragrant spices—gum resin, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense—in equal measures, and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy. Grind some of it into fine powder and place it in front of the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be most holy to you. You are never to use this formula to make incense for yourselves; you are to regard it as holy to the LORD. Anyone who makes something like it to enjoy its fragrance shall be cut off from his people.'"

Components of the Incense:

1. Gum Resin (Stacte): This is often identified as a natural resin, possibly myrrh or another aromatic gum. It was valued for its fragrance and was a common component in ancient incense blends.

2. Onycha: The exact identity of onycha is debated, but it is traditionally understood to be a substance derived from the operculum of certain mollusks, contributing a unique scent when burned.

3. Galbanum: A resin with a strong, earthy aroma, galbanum was used in incense for its distinctive fragrance and was believed to have medicinal properties.

4. Pure Frankincense: A well-known aromatic resin, frankincense was highly prized in the ancient world for its sweet, citrusy scent and was often used in religious ceremonies.

Symbolism and Use:

The incense was to be "pure and holy," symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God. Its use was strictly regulated, emphasizing the sanctity of worship and the separation between the sacred and the profane. The prohibition against replicating the incense for personal use underscored its exclusive dedication to divine service.

Liturgical Role:

In the Tabernacle and later in the Temple, the incense was burned on the Altar of Incense, located in the Holy Place before the veil that separated the Holy of Holies. The fragrant smoke represented the prayers and intercessions of the priests and the people, rising to God as a pleasing aroma. This practice highlighted the importance of purity and reverence in approaching the divine presence.

Theological Implications:

The incense recipe and its prescribed use reflect the broader biblical themes of holiness, obedience, and the proper worship of God. It serves as a reminder of the sacredness of worship and the need for a consecrated approach to God, as well as the importance of following divine instructions with precision and reverence.