Introduction:
The Gold Altar, also known as the Altar of Incense, holds significant importance in the worship practices of ancient Israel as described in the Old Testament. It was a central fixture within the Tabernacle and later the Temple, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God. This entry explores its construction, purpose, and theological significance.

Construction and Description:
The Gold Altar was constructed according to divine instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai. It is detailed in Exodus 30:1-10. The altar was made of acacia wood and overlaid with pure gold, measuring a cubit in length and width and two cubits in height. It had horns on its four corners, also covered in gold, and a gold molding around its top. Two gold rings were attached to its sides to hold poles for carrying, emphasizing its portability during the Israelites' wilderness journey.

Location and Function:
Positioned in the Holy Place, just before the veil that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place, the Gold Altar was distinct from the bronze altar used for burnt offerings. Its primary function was to burn incense, a fragrant blend of spices, which was to be offered by the priest every morning and evening (Exodus 30:7-8). This ritual was a perpetual ordinance, symbolizing the continuous prayers and intercessions of the people before God.

Theological Significance:
The Gold Altar represents the prayers of the faithful, as seen in Psalm 141:2, "May my prayer be set before You like incense, my uplifted hands like the evening offering." The rising smoke of the incense was a visual and aromatic representation of prayers ascending to heaven. The altar's placement before the veil signifies the closeness of prayer to the presence of God, yet also the separation that existed before the coming of Christ.

In the New Testament, the imagery of incense is carried forward in Revelation 8:3-4, where the prayers of the saints are depicted as incense before the throne of God. This continuity underscores the enduring belief in the power and importance of prayer in the life of believers.

Priestly Duties and Regulations:
The High Priest was responsible for maintaining the Gold Altar, ensuring the incense was burned regularly. On the Day of Atonement, the High Priest would use the altar to make atonement for the people, applying the blood of the sin offering to its horns (Exodus 30:10). This act of atonement was a foreshadowing of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who, as the Great High Priest, entered the heavenly sanctuary once for all (Hebrews 9:11-12).

Prohibitions and Warnings:
Strict regulations governed the use of the Gold Altar. Unauthorized incense or offerings were forbidden, as demonstrated in the tragic account of Nadab and Abihu, who offered "unauthorized fire" and were consumed by divine fire (Leviticus 10:1-2). This incident underscores the holiness of God and the necessity of approaching Him according to His commands.

Conclusion:
The Gold Altar, with its rich symbolism and prescribed rituals, served as a constant reminder of the need for holiness, the power of prayer, and the hope of atonement. Its role in the Tabernacle and Temple worship points to the greater reality fulfilled in Christ, who intercedes for believers and grants them access to the Father.