The Eastern Tribes' Defense refers to the incident recorded in the Book of Joshua, specifically in Joshua 22, where the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, who had settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River, built an altar near the Jordan. This event led to a significant misunderstanding with the other Israelite tribes, who perceived the construction of the altar as an act of rebellion against the LORD.

Background and Context

After the conquest of Canaan, the land was distributed among the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had previously requested to settle on the eastern side of the Jordan River, as the land was suitable for their large herds and flocks (Numbers 32:1-5). Moses granted their request on the condition that they assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan (Numbers 32:20-22). After fulfilling their military obligations, they returned to their allotted territories.

The Altar of Witness

Upon their return, the Eastern Tribes built a large altar by the Jordan River. This action was quickly misunderstood by the other tribes, who feared that the altar signified a break from the central worship at the Tabernacle in Shiloh and a potential return to idolatry. The law was clear that sacrifices were to be made only at the designated place of worship (Deuteronomy 12:13-14), and the construction of another altar was seen as a direct violation of this command.

The Response of the Western Tribes

The Western Tribes, led by Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, gathered at Shiloh to prepare for war against their brethren, believing that the altar was an act of apostasy. They sent a delegation to confront the Eastern Tribes, expressing their concern and reminding them of the consequences of past rebellions, such as the sin of Peor and the sin of Achan (Joshua 22:16-20).

The Defense of the Eastern Tribes

In response, the Eastern Tribes explained that the altar was not intended for sacrifices or offerings but as a "witness" between them and the other tribes. They feared that future generations might question their share in the LORD, given their geographical separation by the Jordan River. The altar was meant to serve as a reminder that they too worshiped the LORD, the God of Israel, and had a rightful place among His people (Joshua 22:24-29).

Resolution and Reconciliation

Upon hearing the explanation, Phinehas and the leaders were satisfied and relieved. They recognized the sincerity of the Eastern Tribes' intentions and praised God for preventing a civil war among the Israelites. The altar was named "Witness," symbolizing the unity and shared faith of all the tribes despite their physical separation (Joshua 22:30-34).

Theological Significance

The incident of the Eastern Tribes' Defense highlights the importance of communication and understanding within the community of faith. It underscores the potential for misunderstandings to lead to conflict and the necessity of seeking clarification and reconciliation. The event also emphasizes the centrality of worship and the unity of God's people, regardless of geographical or tribal divisions. The altar, as a witness, serves as a testament to the shared covenant relationship with the LORD and the commitment to uphold His commandments.