Background and Context:

The event of the Eastern Tribes building an altar is recorded in the Book of Joshua, specifically in Joshua 22. This narrative occurs after the Israelites, under Joshua's leadership, have largely completed the conquest of Canaan and are settling into their allotted territories. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had been granted land on the eastern side of the Jordan River, as per the agreement made with Moses (Numbers 32). These tribes had fulfilled their commitment to assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan and were now returning to their own inheritance.

The Construction of the Altar:

Upon their return, the Eastern Tribes constructed a large and imposing altar by the Jordan River. This act was initially misunderstood by the other Israelite tribes, who perceived it as a potential breach of covenant faithfulness. The altar was seen as a possible rival to the central altar at the Tabernacle, which was located at Shiloh at that time. The concern was that this new altar might lead to unauthorized sacrifices and worship practices, which were strictly forbidden by the Mosaic Law.

The Reaction of the Western Tribes:

The Western Tribes, alarmed by the construction of the altar, gathered at Shiloh to prepare for war against their brethren, fearing that this act signified rebellion against the LORD. They sent a delegation led by Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, to confront the Eastern Tribes and to understand their intentions. This delegation included ten chiefs, one from each of the remaining tribes of Israel.

The Explanation of the Eastern Tribes:

In response to the delegation, the Eastern Tribes explained that their intention was not to rebel or to offer sacrifices on the altar. Instead, they built it as a witness or memorial to future generations. They feared that in time to come, the descendants of the Western Tribes might claim that the Eastern Tribes had no share in the LORD, as they lived on the other side of the Jordan. The altar was meant to serve as a testament to their shared faith and unity with the rest of Israel.

Resolution and Reconciliation:

Upon hearing this explanation, Phinehas and the delegation were satisfied and relieved. They recognized that the altar was not intended for sacrifices but as a symbol of unity and a witness to the shared worship of the LORD. Phinehas declared, "Today we know that the LORD is among us, because you have not committed this treachery against Him" (Joshua 22:31). The potential conflict was averted, and the tribes returned to their homes in peace.

Significance:

This event underscores the importance of communication and understanding within the community of God's people. It highlights the potential for misunderstanding and conflict when actions are misinterpreted, as well as the value of seeking clarification and reconciliation. The narrative also emphasizes the centrality of the worship of the LORD and the unity of the tribes of Israel, despite geographical separations. The altar, named "Witness," served as a reminder of the shared covenant and faith among the tribes, reinforcing their collective identity as the people of God.