The terms "drunkard" and "glutton" are often used in the Bible to describe individuals who indulge excessively in alcohol and food, respectively. These behaviors are frequently condemned in Scripture as they lead to a lack of self-control, moral decay, and spiritual downfall. The Bible provides numerous warnings and teachings regarding the dangers and consequences of such lifestyles.

Old Testament References

In the Old Testament, the book of Proverbs offers several admonitions against drunkenness and gluttony. Proverbs 23:20-21 states, "Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat. For the drunkard and the glutton will come to poverty, and drowsiness will clothe them in rags." This passage highlights the financial and social ruin that can result from these behaviors.

Deuteronomy 21:18-21 provides a legal framework for dealing with a rebellious son who is a "glutton and a drunkard." The passage describes the severe consequences for such behavior, emphasizing the importance of discipline and the community's role in maintaining moral order.

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, the teachings of Jesus and the apostles continue to address the issues of drunkenness and gluttony. Jesus Himself was accused of being a glutton and a drunkard by His critics, as recorded in Matthew 11:19 : "The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Look at Him, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ But wisdom is vindicated by her actions." Here, the accusation is used to highlight the hypocrisy of His accusers and to demonstrate that Jesus' mission was to reach out to sinners.

The apostle Paul also warns against drunkenness in his epistles. In Ephesians 5:18 , he instructs, "Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit." Paul contrasts the destructive nature of drunkenness with the edifying presence of the Holy Spirit, urging believers to seek spiritual fulfillment rather than physical indulgence.

Moral and Spiritual Implications

The Bible consistently associates drunkenness and gluttony with a lack of self-control, which is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23). These behaviors are seen as manifestations of the flesh, which are in opposition to the Spirit. In Galatians 5:19-21 , Paul lists "drunkenness" among the "acts of the flesh" and warns that "those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God."

Furthermore, the Bible encourages moderation and self-discipline as virtues that lead to a godly life. In 1 Corinthians 9:27 , Paul writes, "No, I discipline my body and make it my slave, so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified." This emphasis on self-control is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, underscoring the importance of living a life that honors God.

Cultural and Historical Context

In biblical times, wine was a common beverage, and feasting was a part of social and religious life. However, the Bible distinguishes between moderate consumption and excess. The cultural context of the ancient Near East and Greco-Roman world often included excessive drinking and feasting, which the biblical authors addressed by calling for restraint and responsibility.

Practical Applications

For contemporary believers, the biblical teachings on drunkenness and gluttony serve as a call to examine one's lifestyle and choices. The principles of moderation, self-control, and spiritual focus remain relevant, encouraging Christians to live in a way that reflects their faith and commitment to God.