Introduction

The concept of work is deeply embedded in the biblical narrative, reflecting the character and purposes of God. From the creation account in Genesis to the teachings of the New Testament, work is portrayed as a divine ordinance, integral to human existence and flourishing. This entry explores the biblical understanding of work, its divine origin, purpose, and the principles that govern it.

Creation and the Institution of Work

The foundation of the divine order of work is laid in the creation narrative. Genesis 1:26-28 describes humanity's creation in the image of God, with a mandate to "fill the earth and subdue it" and to "rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that crawls upon the earth" . This dominion mandate establishes work as a fundamental aspect of human identity and purpose, reflecting God's creative and sustaining activity.

In Genesis 2:15, God places Adam in the Garden of Eden "to work it and take care of it" . This pre-fall depiction of work underscores its inherent goodness and divine origin. Work is not a result of the fall but a part of God's perfect creation, intended for human fulfillment and stewardship of the earth.

The Fall and the Transformation of Work

The fall of humanity introduces toil and frustration into the realm of work. Genesis 3:17-19 describes the curse upon the ground, resulting in laborious toil for sustenance. "By the sweat of your brow you will eat your bread" , God declares, highlighting the altered nature of work in a fallen world. Despite this, work remains a divine ordinance, now marked by the challenges of a broken creation.

Work in the Wisdom Literature

The wisdom literature of the Old Testament offers profound insights into the nature and value of work. Proverbs frequently extols diligence and condemns laziness, emphasizing the moral and practical benefits of hard work. Proverbs 12:11 states, "He who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies lacks judgment" . This reflects the biblical principle that diligent work leads to provision and stability.

Ecclesiastes presents a more nuanced view, acknowledging the vanity and fleeting nature of human labor. Yet, it also recognizes work as a gift from God, to be enjoyed and appreciated. Ecclesiastes 3:13 affirms, "That everyone may eat and drink and find satisfaction in all his toil—this is the gift of God" .

The New Testament Perspective on Work

The New Testament continues to affirm the value and necessity of work, integrating it into the life of faith. Jesus, in His parables, often uses work-related imagery to convey spiritual truths, underscoring its significance in the kingdom of God. The Apostle Paul, in his epistles, provides explicit instructions regarding work, emphasizing its role in the Christian life.

In 2 Thessalonians 3:10, Paul asserts, "If anyone is unwilling to work, he shall not eat" , highlighting the expectation of personal responsibility and contribution. Colossians 3:23-24 further elevates work by instructing believers, "Whatever you do, work at it with your whole being, for the Lord and not for men, because you know that you will receive an inheritance from the Lord as your reward" . This teaching reframes work as an act of worship, performed for God's glory and with eternal significance.

The Eschatological Fulfillment of Work

The biblical narrative anticipates a future restoration of creation, where work will be fully redeemed and aligned with God's purposes. Isaiah 65:21-23 envisions a new creation where people "will build houses and dwell in them; they will plant vineyards and eat their fruit" , free from the futility and frustration of the present age. This eschatological hope affirms the enduring value of work and its ultimate fulfillment in God's redemptive plan.

Conclusion

The divine order of work, as revealed in Scripture, encompasses creation, fall, redemption, and future restoration. It is a central aspect of human identity and purpose, reflecting God's character and intentions for His creation. Through diligent and faithful work, believers participate in God's ongoing work in the world, anticipating the day when all labor will be fully redeemed in the new creation.