In the biblical narrative, the change of names holds significant theological and symbolic importance. Throughout Scripture, God and His servants often change individuals' names to reflect a new identity, mission, or divine promise. This practice underscores the transformative power of God's calling and His sovereignty over the lives of His people.

Abram to Abraham

One of the most notable name changes occurs with Abram, whose name means "exalted father." In Genesis 17:5, God changes his name to Abraham, meaning "father of many nations," as a sign of the covenant and the promise that he would be the father of a multitude of nations. The Berean Standard Bible states: "No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations."

Sarai to Sarah

Similarly, Sarai, Abram's wife, receives a new name. In Genesis 17:15, God changes her name to Sarah, meaning "princess," signifying her role in the divine promise. The BSB records: "As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai, for her name will be Sarah."

Jacob to Israel

Jacob, whose name means "supplanter" or "heel-grabber," is renamed Israel after wrestling with God. This change, found in Genesis 32:28, signifies his struggle and prevailing with God. The BSB states: "Then the man said, 'Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God and with men, and you have prevailed.'"

Hoshea to Joshua

Moses changes the name of Hoshea, son of Nun, to Joshua, which means "The LORD is salvation." This change, noted in Numbers 13:16, marks Joshua's role as the leader who would bring the Israelites into the Promised Land, prefiguring the salvation that comes through Jesus, whose name in Hebrew is Yeshua, a form of Joshua.

Simon to Peter

In the New Testament, Jesus changes Simon's name to Peter, meaning "rock," in Matthew 16:18. This change signifies Peter's foundational role in the early Church. The BSB records: "And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it."

Saul to Paul

Saul of Tarsus, a zealous persecutor of Christians, becomes Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles. While the Bible does not explicitly record a divine renaming, Acts 13:9 notes, "Then Saul, who was also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked directly at Elymas." The name Paul, meaning "small" or "humble," reflects his transformed identity and mission.

Significance of Name Changes

The change of names in the Bible often marks a pivotal moment in an individual's life, indicating a new phase in their relationship with God or a new mission. It reflects God's authority to redefine identity and purpose according to His divine plan. These changes are not merely cosmetic but are deeply tied to the covenantal promises and the unfolding of God's redemptive history.