The term "Appointed Feast" refers to the sacred festivals and holy convocations established by God for the Israelites, as detailed in the Old Testament. These feasts were integral to the religious and communal life of Israel, serving as times of worship, remembrance, and celebration. The Appointed Feasts are primarily outlined in Leviticus 23, where God commands Moses to instruct the Israelites on their observance.

Biblical Foundation

The Appointed Feasts are divinely instituted times set apart for the people of Israel to gather in worship and remembrance of God's mighty acts and covenantal promises. Leviticus 23:1-2 states, "Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Speak to the Israelites and say to them: These are My appointed feasts, the feasts of the LORD, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies.'"

Major Appointed Feasts

1. The Sabbath: Although not a feast in the traditional sense, the Sabbath is the first mentioned in Leviticus 23. It is a weekly day of rest and worship, commemorating God's rest after creation (Genesis 2:2-3).

2. Passover (Pesach): Celebrated on the 14th day of the first month (Nisan), Passover commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egyptian bondage. It is a time to remember the sacrificial lamb and the passing over of the Israelite homes by the angel of death (Exodus 12:1-14).

3. Feast of Unleavened Bread: Beginning on the 15th day of Nisan and lasting seven days, this feast immediately follows Passover. It symbolizes the haste of the Israelites' departure from Egypt, during which they could not wait for their bread to rise (Exodus 12:15-20).

4. Feast of Firstfruits: Celebrated on the day after the Sabbath following Passover, this feast marks the beginning of the harvest season. It involves offering the first sheaf of the harvest to the Lord, acknowledging His provision (Leviticus 23:9-14).

5. Feast of Weeks (Shavuot or Pentecost): Occurring fifty days after the Feast of Firstfruits, this feast celebrates the end of the grain harvest. It is also associated with the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai (Leviticus 23:15-21).

6. Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah): On the first day of the seventh month (Tishri), this feast is marked by the blowing of trumpets, calling the people to prepare for the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 23:23-25).

7. Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur): Observed on the 10th day of Tishri, this solemn day is dedicated to atonement and repentance. It involves fasting and prayer, seeking God's forgiveness for the sins of the nation (Leviticus 23:26-32).

8. Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot): Beginning on the 15th day of Tishri and lasting seven days, this feast commemorates the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and God's provision. It involves dwelling in temporary shelters or booths (Leviticus 23:33-43).

Theological Significance

The Appointed Feasts hold deep theological significance, serving as reminders of God's faithfulness, provision, and redemptive plan. They foreshadow the coming of the Messiah and the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises. For instance, the Passover lamb is a type of Christ, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). The Feast of Firstfruits is seen as a precursor to Christ's resurrection, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep (1 Corinthians 15:20).

Observance in the New Testament

While the New Testament church is not bound by the ceremonial laws of the Old Testament, the Appointed Feasts provide a rich backdrop for understanding the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. The early church recognized the fulfillment of these feasts in Christ's work, and they continue to offer valuable insights into God's redemptive history.

Conclusion

The Appointed Feasts are a testament to God's covenantal relationship with His people, offering a rhythm of worship and remembrance that points to His eternal purposes. Through these sacred times, believers are invited to reflect on God's past deliverance, present provision, and future promises.