The allotment for the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, the sons of Joseph, is a significant event in the history of Israel, as recorded in the Book of Joshua. These two tribes, often collectively referred to as the house of Joseph, received their inheritance in the Promised Land after the Israelites' conquest of Canaan under Joshua's leadership.

Biblical Background

The division of the land among the tribes of Israel was a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Joseph, one of Jacob's twelve sons, was given a double portion through his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, whom Jacob adopted as his own (Genesis 48:5). This adoption effectively elevated Ephraim and Manasseh to the status of full tribes within Israel, each receiving its own inheritance.

The Allotment Process

The allotment of the land was conducted by casting lots, a method believed to reflect God's sovereign will. Joshua 16 and 17 detail the specific territories assigned to Ephraim and Manasseh. The process was overseen by Joshua, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the tribes, ensuring that the distribution was carried out according to divine guidance.

Territory of Ephraim

The territory of Ephraim, as described in Joshua 16, was located in the central part of Canaan. It extended from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea, encompassing a fertile and strategically important region. The boundaries included cities such as Bethel, Gezer, and Shechem, which played significant roles in Israel's history. The land was known for its agricultural productivity, which contributed to Ephraim's prominence among the tribes.

Territory of Manasseh

The tribe of Manasseh received a large and diverse inheritance, divided between two regions: one on the west side of the Jordan River and the other on the east. The western portion, detailed in Joshua 17, was adjacent to Ephraim's territory and included cities like Taanach and Megiddo. The eastern portion, described earlier in Joshua 13, was located in the Transjordan, encompassing the lands of Gilead and Bashan.

Challenges and Complaints

Despite the generous allotment, the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh faced challenges in fully possessing their territories. Joshua 17:12-13 notes that the Canaanites persisted in some areas, and the Israelites did not drive them out completely. This incomplete conquest led to future conflicts and idolatrous influences.

The descendants of Joseph also expressed dissatisfaction with their allotment, feeling it was insufficient for their large population. In Joshua 17:14-18, they approached Joshua, who encouraged them to clear the forested hill country and drive out the Canaanites to expand their territory. Joshua's response highlighted the need for faith and action in claiming God's promises.

Significance in Israel's History

Ephraim and Manasseh played crucial roles in the history of Israel. Ephraim, in particular, became a leading tribe, often representing the northern kingdom of Israel after the division of the united monarchy. The city of Shechem, within Ephraim's territory, was a significant religious and political center.

The allotment for Ephraim and Manasseh underscores the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises and the importance of obedience and perseverance in claiming His blessings. The narrative serves as a reminder of the challenges and responsibilities that come with God's gifts, as well as the need for reliance on His strength to overcome obstacles.