Adultery, as defined in the Bible, is the act of engaging in sexual relations with someone who is not one's spouse, thereby violating the sanctity of marriage. This act is explicitly condemned throughout Scripture and is considered a grave sin against God, one's spouse, and the community.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, adultery is strictly prohibited and is included in the Ten Commandments: "You shall not commit adultery" (Exodus 20:14). The act is seen as a violation of the covenant relationship between husband and wife, reflecting the covenant between God and His people. Leviticus 20:10 prescribes severe consequences for those caught in adultery: "If a man commits adultery with another man's wife—if he commits adultery with his neighbor's wife—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death" . This underscores the seriousness with which the act was regarded in ancient Israelite society.

The book of Proverbs frequently warns against the dangers of adultery, portraying it as a path leading to destruction. Proverbs 6:32 states, "But he who commits adultery lacks judgment; whoever does so destroys himself" . The wisdom literature emphasizes the moral and spiritual folly of engaging in such behavior.

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, Jesus Christ reaffirms the prohibition against adultery and expands its understanding. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches, "But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart" (Matthew 5:28). This teaching highlights the importance of purity not only in actions but also in thoughts and intentions.

The Apostle Paul also addresses the issue of adultery in his epistles, emphasizing the sanctity of marriage and the need for sexual purity among believers. In 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, Paul lists adulterers among those who will not inherit the kingdom of God, urging believers to flee from sexual immorality.

Spiritual Implications

Adultery is not merely a physical act but a spiritual transgression that affects one's relationship with God. It is often used metaphorically in the Bible to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God, as seen in the prophetic writings. For instance, the book of Hosea uses the imagery of adultery to depict Israel's idolatry and spiritual infidelity.

Restoration and Forgiveness

Despite the severity of adultery, the Bible also offers hope for repentance and forgiveness. In John 8:3-11, the account of the woman caught in adultery demonstrates Jesus' mercy and call to repentance. Jesus tells her, "Neither do I condemn you. Go and sin no more" (John 8:11). This passage illustrates the possibility of redemption and the transformative power of grace.

Conclusion

The act of adultery is consistently portrayed in the Bible as a serious sin with profound moral and spiritual consequences. It violates the divine institution of marriage and disrupts the harmony intended by God for human relationships. However, through repentance and faith in Christ, individuals can find forgiveness and restoration.