Sanctification is a fundamental concept in Christian theology, referring to the process by which God sets individuals apart for His holy purposes, transforming them into the likeness of Christ. This divine act is both a definitive event and a progressive journey, rooted in the work of Jesus Christ and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

Biblical Foundation

The term "sanctification" derives from the Greek word "hagiasmos," which means holiness or consecration. In the Old Testament, sanctification often involved the setting apart of people, places, or objects for God's service (Exodus 19:10-14; Leviticus 20:7-8). In the New Testament, sanctification is primarily associated with the believer's spiritual growth and moral purity.

Divine Initiative

Sanctification is initiated by God. It is He who calls individuals to holiness and empowers them to live according to His will. In 1 Thessalonians 5:23, Paul writes, "Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you completely, and may your entire spirit, soul, and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ" . This verse underscores that sanctification is a work of God, encompassing the whole person.

Role of Jesus Christ

The sanctifying work of God is made possible through the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Hebrews 10:10 states, "And by that will, we have been sanctified through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all" . Christ's death and resurrection provide the foundation for believers' sanctification, as they are cleansed from sin and set apart for God's purposes.

Empowerment by the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in the process of sanctification. Believers are called to live by the Spirit, who produces in them the fruit of righteousness. Galatians 5:16-17 encourages believers to "walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh" . The Spirit empowers believers to overcome sin and grow in holiness.

Progressive Sanctification

While sanctification is initiated by God, it is also a progressive process in the life of a believer. Philippians 2:12-13 exhorts believers to "work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you to will and to act on behalf of His good purpose" . This indicates that while God is the one who sanctifies, believers are called to actively participate in their spiritual growth.

Ultimate Sanctification

The process of sanctification will be completed when believers are glorified at the return of Christ. 1 John 3:2 offers the hope that "when He appears, we will be like Him, for we will see Him as He is" . This future aspect of sanctification assures believers that God will bring His work to completion, conforming them fully to the image of His Son.

Practical Implications

Sanctification by God has practical implications for the believer's daily life. It calls for a life of obedience, moral integrity, and separation from sin. Romans 6:19 urges believers to "offer yourselves as slaves to righteousness leading to holiness" . This involves a conscious effort to align one's life with God's will, relying on His grace and strength.

Conclusion

Sanctification by God is a profound and transformative work that begins with divine initiative, is grounded in the redemptive work of Christ, and is empowered by the Holy Spirit. It is both a definitive act and an ongoing process, culminating in the ultimate glorification of believers. Through sanctification, God calls His people to live holy lives, reflecting His character and fulfilling His purposes in the world.