The term "Son of Man" is a significant title used in the Bible, primarily in the New Testament, to refer to Jesus Christ. This title emphasizes both His humanity and His divine mission. The phrase appears frequently in the Gospels and is pivotal in understanding the role and identity of Jesus.

Old Testament Background

The title "Son of Man" has its roots in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel. In Daniel 7:13-14 , the prophet describes a vision: "In my vision in the night I continued to watch, and I saw One like a Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into His presence. And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship, that the people of every nation and language should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed." This passage highlights the eschatological role of the Son of Man as a divine figure with authority and an eternal kingdom.

New Testament Usage

In the New Testament, Jesus frequently refers to Himself as the "Son of Man." This self-designation is used over 80 times in the Gospels, underscoring its importance. The title serves multiple purposes:

1. Identification with Humanity: By using the title "Son of Man," Jesus identifies with humanity. It emphasizes His incarnation and His role as the representative of humankind. In Matthew 8:20 , Jesus says, "Foxes have dens and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay His head," highlighting His humble earthly existence.

2. Authority and Forgiveness: The title also signifies Jesus' authority on earth, particularly in matters of forgiveness and judgment. In Mark 2:10 , Jesus declares, "But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins," before healing a paralytic, demonstrating His divine authority.

3. Suffering and Sacrifice: The role of the Son of Man includes suffering and sacrifice. Jesus foretells His own suffering, death, and resurrection using this title. In Mark 10:45 , He states, "For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many." This highlights His mission of redemption through sacrificial love.

4. Eschatological Judge: The Son of Man is also depicted as the eschatological judge who will return in glory. In Matthew 24:30 , Jesus describes His second coming: "At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory." This reflects the fulfillment of the vision in Daniel, where the Son of Man is given dominion and authority.

5. Mediator and Intercessor: The Son of Man serves as a mediator between God and humanity. In John 1:51 , Jesus tells Nathanael, "Truly, truly, I tell you, you will see heaven open and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man." This imagery suggests a connection between heaven and earth, with Jesus as the bridge.

Theological Significance

The role of the Son of Man is central to Christian theology, encapsulating the mystery of the Incarnation, the purpose of Jesus' earthly ministry, and the hope of His return. It affirms both His humanity and divinity, His role as Savior and Judge, and His ultimate authority over all creation. The title "Son of Man" thus serves as a profound expression of Jesus' mission and identity as revealed in the Scriptures.