Righteousness by the Law

Righteousness by the Law refers to the adherence to the commandments and statutes as outlined in the Mosaic Law, which was given to the Israelites. This concept is rooted in the belief that by following the Law, one could attain a form of righteousness before God. The Law, as described in the Old Testament, includes moral, ceremonial, and civil precepts. In Deuteronomy 6:25, it is stated, "And if we are careful to observe every one of these commandments before the LORD our God, as He has commanded us, then that will be our righteousness."

The Apostle Paul, in his epistles, addresses the limitations of the Law in achieving true righteousness. In Romans 3:20, he writes, "Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin." The Law serves as a mirror, revealing human sinfulness and the need for a savior. Galatians 3:24 further explains, "So the law became our guardian to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith."

Righteousness by Faith

Righteousness by Faith is a central tenet of the New Testament, emphasizing that righteousness before God is not achieved through human effort or adherence to the Law, but through faith in Jesus Christ. This doctrine is most clearly articulated in the writings of Paul, who contrasts the righteousness that comes from the Law with the righteousness that comes through faith.

Romans 3:21-22 states, "But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, as attested by the Law and the Prophets. And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe." This passage highlights that righteousness is a gift from God, accessible to all who place their faith in Christ, regardless of their adherence to the Law.

The concept of righteousness by faith is rooted in the example of Abraham, who "believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness" (Romans 4:3). This demonstrates that faith, rather than works, is the basis for righteousness. In Philippians 3:9, Paul expresses his desire to "be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness from God on the basis of faith."

The Relationship Between the Two

While righteousness by the Law and righteousness by faith are distinct, they are not entirely opposed. The Law serves a purpose in God's redemptive plan, acting as a tutor that leads individuals to Christ (Galatians 3:24). The Law reveals the holiness of God and the sinfulness of humanity, pointing to the need for a savior. In this way, the Law and faith work together to bring about God's righteousness.

Romans 10:4 encapsulates this relationship: "Christ is the end of the law, to bring righteousness to everyone who believes." Through faith in Christ, believers are justified and receive the righteousness of God, fulfilling the ultimate purpose of the Law.