Definition and Overview:
Providence refers to the divine guidance and care that God exercises over the universe and the affairs of humanity. It is the belief that God is actively involved in His creation, orchestrating events according to His sovereign will and purpose. This concept stands in contrast to the idea of chance, which suggests that events occur randomly or without purpose.

Biblical Foundation:
The Bible consistently affirms the doctrine of providence, emphasizing that God is in control of all things. In Proverbs 16:33, it is written, "The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD." This verse illustrates that even seemingly random events, such as the casting of lots, are under God's sovereign control.

In the New Testament, Jesus teaches about God's providential care in Matthew 10:29-31: "Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father. And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows." Here, Jesus reassures His followers that God's providence extends to the smallest details of life.

Providence in History:
Throughout biblical history, God's providence is evident in the lives of individuals and nations. The account of Joseph in Genesis 37-50 is a profound example. Despite being sold into slavery by his brothers, Joseph rises to a position of power in Egypt. In Genesis 50:20, Joseph acknowledges God's providence, saying to his brothers, "As for you, what you intended against me for evil, God intended for good, in order to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives."

Similarly, the book of Esther demonstrates God's providential care over His people. Although God's name is not mentioned in the book, His hand is evident in the preservation of the Jewish people from destruction.

Theological Implications:
The doctrine of providence assures believers that God is actively involved in their lives and that nothing happens outside of His will. Romans 8:28 affirms this truth: "And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose." This verse provides comfort and assurance that God is working for the ultimate good of His people, even in difficult circumstances.

Providence also underscores the sovereignty of God, as seen in Isaiah 46:9-10: "Remember the former things, those of long ago; I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me, declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times what is still to come. I say, 'My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please.'" This passage highlights God's ultimate authority and control over history.

Practical Application:
Believers are encouraged to trust in God's providence, knowing that He is in control and that His plans are for their good. This trust leads to a life of faith and reliance on God rather than on chance or human understanding. Proverbs 3:5-6 advises, "Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight."

In prayer, Christians are invited to seek God's guidance and wisdom, confident that He hears and answers according to His will. Philippians 4:6-7 encourages believers to present their requests to God with thanksgiving, promising that "the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus."

Conclusion:
The doctrine of providence over chance is a central tenet of the Christian faith, providing assurance of God's active involvement in the world and in the lives of His people. Through the lens of Scripture, believers are called to trust in God's sovereign plan, finding peace and purpose in His divine care.