Socoh, also spelled Soco or Sochoh, is a significant city mentioned in the Old Testament, located in the hill country of the tribe of Judah. The name "Socoh" is derived from a Hebrew word meaning "hedge" or "fence," which may reflect its geographical or strategic characteristics.

Biblical References:

1. Joshua 15:48 · Socoh is first mentioned in the context of the territorial allotments to the tribe of Judah. It is listed among the cities in the hill country: "In the hill country: Shamir, Jattir, Socoh."

2. 1 Samuel 17:1 · Socoh gains prominence in the narrative of David and Goliath. The Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Socoh in Judah, setting the stage for the famous battle in the Valley of Elah: "Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Socoh in Judah. They camped between Socoh and Azekah in Ephes-dammim."

3. 1 Kings 4:10 · Socoh is mentioned as part of the administrative districts during the reign of King Solomon. It was included in the region governed by Ben-Hesed, one of Solomon's twelve district governors: "Ben-Hesed in Arubboth (Socoh and all the land of Hepher were his)."

4. 2 Chronicles 11:7 · Socoh is noted as one of the fortified cities built by Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, as part of his defensive strategy against potential invasions: "Beth-zur, Socoh, Adullam."

Historical and Archaeological Insights:

Socoh's strategic location in the Judean hills made it a significant military and administrative site. Its proximity to the Valley of Elah, a key battleground, underscores its importance in the defense and control of the region. Archaeological excavations in the area have uncovered remains that suggest a fortified settlement, consistent with its biblical descriptions.

Cultural and Theological Significance:

Socoh's role in the biblical narrative, particularly in the account of David and Goliath, highlights the ongoing conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines. The city's mention in various administrative and military contexts throughout the biblical text reflects its enduring significance in the history of Judah.

Theologically, Socoh serves as a backdrop for God's deliverance of Israel through David, a young shepherd who would become king. This event underscores themes of faith, divine intervention, and the triumph of God's chosen people over their adversaries.

Conclusion:

While Socoh may not be as frequently mentioned as other cities in the Bible, its strategic importance and role in key biblical events make it a noteworthy location in the history of ancient Israel. Its presence in the narratives of Joshua, Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles provides a glimpse into the geopolitical and spiritual landscape of the time.Joshua 15:48
And in the mountains, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh,
Nave's Topical Index

Letter cviii. To Eustochium.
... it is said, "His foundation is in the holy mountains: the Lord ... pausing for a while
on the way at Socoh, and at ... And I will visit the city of No, which has since ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/letter cviii to eustochium.htm

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