In biblical times, meals were significant social and religious events, often reflecting the customs, hospitality, and communal life of the people. The terms "luncheon" and "dinner" as understood in contemporary Western culture do not directly appear in the Bible; however, the Scriptures provide numerous accounts of meals that serve similar purposes.

Meals in the Old Testament

Meals in the Old Testament were often associated with covenantal and sacrificial events. For instance, in Genesis 18:1-8, Abraham hosts three visitors, providing them with a meal that includes bread, a calf, curds, and milk. This act of hospitality is significant, as it precedes the announcement of Sarah's future pregnancy. The meal serves as a setting for divine revelation and blessing.

In Exodus 12, the Passover meal is instituted as a lasting ordinance for the Israelites. This meal, consisting of lamb, unleavened bread, and bitter herbs, commemorates God's deliverance of His people from Egypt. The Passover meal is a profound example of how meals in the Old Testament were intertwined with religious observance and remembrance.

Meals in the New Testament

The New Testament continues the theme of meals as important social and spiritual gatherings. Jesus frequently used meals as opportunities for teaching and fellowship. In the account of the feeding of the five thousand (Matthew 14:13-21), Jesus miraculously multiplies five loaves and two fish to feed a large crowd. This event not only demonstrates Jesus' compassion and divine power but also prefigures the spiritual nourishment He provides.

The Last Supper, described in the Synoptic Gospels and 1 Corinthians 11:23-26, is perhaps the most significant meal in the New Testament. During this Passover meal, Jesus institutes the Lord's Supper, instructing His disciples to partake of the bread and wine in remembrance of Him. This meal symbolizes the new covenant in His blood and is central to Christian worship and community.

Cultural and Social Aspects

In biblical culture, meals were often communal and marked by hospitality. Sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. In Luke 7:36-50, Jesus dines at the house of a Pharisee, where a sinful woman anoints His feet. This event highlights the social dynamics of meals, where Jesus challenges cultural norms and extends grace and forgiveness.

The early Christian community continued the practice of communal meals, as seen in Acts 2:46: "With one accord, they continued to meet daily in the temple courts and to break bread from house to house, sharing their meals with gladness and sincerity of heart." These gatherings fostered unity and mutual support among believers.

Spiritual Significance

Meals in the Bible often carry spiritual significance, pointing to deeper truths about God's provision, fellowship, and the coming kingdom. In Revelation 19:9, the marriage supper of the Lamb is depicted as a future celebratory feast for the redeemed: "Then the angel told me to write, 'Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.'" This eschatological meal symbolizes the ultimate union between Christ and His Church.

In summary, while the specific terms "luncheon" and "dinner" are not used in the Bible, the concept of shared meals is deeply embedded in the biblical narrative, serving as a means of fellowship, teaching, and spiritual reflection.