Linen cloth holds significant importance in the biblical narrative, both as a practical material and as a symbol of purity and righteousness. Derived from the flax plant, linen was a highly valued textile in ancient times, known for its durability, breathability, and fine quality. Its use is frequently mentioned throughout the Scriptures, reflecting its prominence in the daily life and religious practices of the Israelites.

Old Testament References

In the Old Testament, linen is often associated with the priesthood and the tabernacle. The Book of Exodus provides detailed instructions for the construction of the tabernacle and the garments of the priests, specifying the use of fine linen. Exodus 28:39 states, "You are to weave the tunic with fine linen, make the turban of fine linen, and fashion the sash with embroidered work." This emphasis on linen underscores its role in the sacred duties and the holiness required of those serving in the presence of God.

Linen was also used in the curtains and coverings of the tabernacle. Exodus 26:1 describes, "You are to construct the tabernacle itself with ten curtains of finely spun linen, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim skillfully worked into them." The use of linen in these sacred spaces highlights its association with purity and divine service.

New Testament References

In the New Testament, linen continues to hold symbolic significance. The most notable reference is found in the burial of Jesus Christ. After His crucifixion, Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple of Jesus, requested His body from Pilate. Mark 15:46 records, "So Joseph bought a linen cloth, took down the body, wrapped it in the linen, and placed it in a tomb that had been cut out of the rock." The use of linen for Jesus' burial shroud signifies respect and honor, as well as the fulfillment of Jewish burial customs.

Additionally, in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, Jesus describes the rich man as being "dressed in purple and fine linen" (Luke 16:19), illustrating wealth and luxury. This contrast between the rich man and the poor Lazarus serves to highlight themes of justice and the reversal of fortunes in the kingdom of God.

Symbolism and Spiritual Significance

Linen's association with purity and righteousness is further emphasized in the Book of Revelation. In Revelation 19:8 , the fine linen worn by the bride of Christ is described as "the righteous acts of the saints." This imagery reinforces the idea that linen represents the holiness and sanctity required of God's people.

The frequent mention of linen in both the Old and New Testaments underscores its importance as a symbol of purity, righteousness, and divine service. Its use in sacred contexts and its association with the priesthood and the burial of Christ highlight its enduring significance in the biblical narrative.