Introduction:
The practice of lighting the lamps in the tabernacle and later in the temple holds significant theological and symbolic meaning within the biblical narrative. This ritual, commanded by God, was an integral part of the daily worship and service conducted by the priests. It symbolizes God's presence, guidance, and the perpetual nature of His covenant with Israel.

Biblical Instructions:
The instructions for lighting the lamps are first detailed in the book of Exodus. God commands Moses regarding the construction and maintenance of the lampstand, or menorah, which was to be placed in the Holy Place of the tabernacle. The menorah was crafted from pure gold and featured seven branches, each adorned with almond blossoms, buds, and flowers (Exodus 25:31-40).

In Exodus 27:20-21, the Israelites are instructed to bring pure, pressed olive oil for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually. The passage states: "And you are to command the Israelites to bring you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually. In the Tent of Meeting, outside the veil that is in front of the Testimony, Aaron and his sons are to tend the lamps from evening until morning before the LORD. This is to be a perpetual statute for the Israelites throughout their generations."

Priestly Duties:
The responsibility of lighting the lamps fell to Aaron and his descendants, the Levitical priests. This duty was part of their daily service, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the light as a symbol of God's eternal presence. Leviticus 24:2-4 reiterates this command: "Command the Israelites to bring you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually. Outside the veil of the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting, Aaron is to tend the lamps before the LORD from evening until morning continually. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come."

Symbolism and Significance:
The lighting of the lamps is rich in symbolism. The menorah's light represents the divine presence of God among His people, illuminating their path and guiding them in truth and righteousness. The continuous burning of the lamps signifies God's unending covenant and His faithfulness to Israel.

The menorah also prefigures the coming of Christ, who is described as the "light of the world" (John 8:12). Just as the menorah provided light in the tabernacle, Jesus provides spiritual illumination and guidance to all who follow Him.

Historical Context:
The practice of lighting the lamps continued in the temple built by Solomon and later in the Second Temple. The menorah became a powerful symbol of Jewish identity and faith, especially during times of persecution and exile.

During the Maccabean revolt, the miracle of the oil, celebrated during Hanukkah, further underscored the menorah's significance. According to tradition, a small amount of oil miraculously lasted eight days, allowing the temple to be rededicated and the lamps to remain lit.

Conclusion:
The lighting of the lamps in the tabernacle and temple serves as a profound reminder of God's enduring presence and His covenant with His people. It underscores the importance of spiritual vigilance and the call to be a light in a world often shrouded in darkness.